Term paper. book; churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War Paper

. book; churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War - Term Paper Example In his book the Gathering Storm, Sir Winston Churchill draws on the various failures of the Allies in the aftermath of the First World War that allowed events to lead to the Second World War. Sir Winston lays the blame of these failures at the doors of the United States of America, by its refusal to take an active role in the League of Nations, which prevented the allies being more forceful in resisting Hitler and his expansion plans prior to the start of the Second World War. Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War is Pat Buchanan’s riposte to this charge of Sir Winston Churchill. Pat Buchanan argues that the real culprit is Britain and Sir Winston Churchill, and their blunders that led to the Second World War. He buttresses this argument citing examples that start with the British decision to go to war with Germany in the event of an attack on France by Germany in 1906; abetting the Treaty of Versailles, whose terms were so denigrating to the Germans that it became possible for Hitler to rise to power; Winston Churchill’s role in the acceptance of American pressure to isolate Japan, leading to her entry into the war; sanctions against Italy in 1935 that led to Italy becoming a partner of Germany; the unasked for war guarantee to Poland in the case of an attack by Germany; and the blindness of Sir Winston Churchill to the actual ambitions of Stalin and Russia.

A Review Of The Novel Alias Grace English Literature Essay

A Review Of The Novel Alias Grace English Literature Essay Grace Marks is one of the two accused for the murders of her employer, Mr. Kinnear and his housewife, Nancy. She was sentenced to life imprisonment. Initially she claims that she does not remember what happened at the scene of the crime. Grace is introverted and carefully chooses what she says so that she does not reveal much information about herself. After Dr. Jordan comes, she opens up a little and tells him her tough childhood and what she remembers about the murders. By the end of the novel, Grace is pardoned, marries her lover, Jamie Dr. Simon Jordan is the physician that is to analyze Grace. He is interested in her circumstances and wants to use what he knows about psychology to pry as much information from her as possible so that it can be determined whether or not she really is suffering from amnesia. After entering in a relationship with Mrs. Humphrey, his landlady, and the results of Graces hypnotism, Dr. Jordan becomes disillusioned. He is unable to come to a conclusion and in the end just returns to Europe. Mary Whitney is a girl about Graces age who also worked for Mrs. Parkinson. Mary is more experienced with worldly matters and thus becomes sort of like a mentor to Grace. It is through Mary that Grace is able to find family. They are like sisters and become close to each other. She has an affair with Mr. George that ends up in a pregnancy and a failed abortion that takes away her life. Grace seems to care more for Mary than her own mother because when her mom died, she thought twice about using the sheet to cover her. On the other hand, Grace uses her money to provide the best possible funeral for her friend. Supposedly, the spirit of Mary resides in Grace and will come out during hypnotism. Nancy Montgomery is the housemaid of Mr. Thomas Kinnear. When she is first introduced, she is looking for extra help. She is not as welcoming or friendly as Graces last employer, Mrs. Parkinson. She feels as though she is superior to Grace. Nancy has an affair with Kinnear and gets jealous of Kinnear when he starts lusting for Grace. She is later found in the cellar, strangled and her throat cut. 4. Conflicts: One major conflict in the novel is determining Graces innocence and also her identity. Much of the book is concerned about Grace giving the readers background information about herself and her version of what happened during the time of the murders The conflict never gets resolved because Dr. Jordan never comes to a conclusion and just abandons his all of his findings. He does not know what to think after he witnesses the spirit of Mary Whitney possess Graces body. Atwood gives you all of many small pieces and it is up to readers to put everything together and then decide whether or not Grace is guilty or not 5. Opening chapter or scene: Alias Grace opens with a dream about Nancy, a dream that also occurs again later on in the novel. The year is 1851 and Grace is twenty-four years old. She has been in prison ever since she was sixteen. She tries to be the model prisoner even though life in the penitentiary is described as tough. She tells this dream to Dr. Jordan when they arrive at the part of the story. In the next section is a little poem that gives a quick but somewhat inaccurate summary of what has already happened before the novel started. The opening gives some background information about Graces life and also foreshadows many events. 6. Plot: Grace has been kept at the Kingston Penitentiary when Dr. Jordan comes and performs his project with Grace, the inciting incident After Graces initial reluctance to participate with Dr. Jordan ends, the rising action occurs when Grace relates her past to him. She is an immigrant from Ireland to Canada and suffers from a dysfunctional and poverty-stricken family. Life was hard for her because her father was worthless. She was able to find a job as a housekeeper. While working, she befriends Mary Whitney. She is traumatized when Mary dies because of an unsuccessful abortion and quits her job. She takes up another job with Nancy Montgomery, who works at the Kinnear estate She also meets James McDermott, another worker under Mr. Kinnear. Nancy and Mr. Kinnear seem to have a relationship together but now Kinnear is paying more attention to Grace. James thinks that Nancy and Kinnear should be killed. Grace then tells Dr. Jordan that James kills them both and then faints when James threatens her. When she awakens, James says that she must keep her part of the deal which implied that she was to go to bed with him. Grace tries to put him off and persuades him to escape to Toronto but they soon get captured. In the climax, Dr. Dupont hypnotizes Graces but instead a spirit comes out saying that she is not Grace but Mary Whitney. When the trance is broken, Grace comes back but does not remember what happened during the hypnosis. 7. Conclusion: In the novels falling action and conclusion, a disoriented and confused Dr. Jordan ceases his investigations and returns back to Europe Grace is pardoned and released from the penitentiary at the age of forty-five. She ends up marrying her childhood lover, Jaime Walsh and soon gets pregnant. The novel ends with a passage about how Grace will quilt the Tree of Paradise. She will interweave Marys petticoat, her prison nightdress, and Nancys dress altogether. The ending was only somewhat appropriate because it did not really feel as if he flowed with the rest of the story, that it did not belong there. It just seems attached on. 8. Themes: One theme of the novel is gender and feminism in the nineteenth century. Women back then were supposed to act a certain way. They were to be submissive and modest with the men dominating. Women were also thought to be more petite and moral. This may be a reason why James was executed and why Grace was only sent to prison. Another theme of the novel is that of sexuality. This theme seems to be a big driving force in the story. Mary Whitney gets involved in a sexual affair that has big repercussions. While in prison Grace must deal with the verbal abuse and sexual advances of the guards. Grace is accused of having a sexual encounter with Jamie in the orchard. Also when Mrs. Humphreys husband leaves her, she turns to a sexual relationship with Dr. Jordan for comfort. Dr. Jordan, on the other hand has fantasies of Miss Lydia and even Grace. Both Mr. Kinnear and James lust after Grace. Kinnear and Nancy have an affair too. Either way, sexuality plays an important role in the novel. 9. Symbols/Archetypes: One big symbol is that of the quilt. There is both a physical quilt, the one that Grace is working on, and a mental quilt. Each time Dr. Jordan examines Grace, it seems if as though another piece of Graces life and identity are sewed onto a quilt. All of the little intricate bits and memories are stitched together make up the whole quilt and there are also different ways to look at and interpret quilts. In addition, the title of each chapter is a name of a real quilting design. Another symbol may be that apples. They could symbolize the truth and knowledge. It could also represent the apple in the Garden of Eden. Grace could symbolize Eve, who was manipulated by something evil and then was punished for it. 10. Parallel events/parallel works: Alias Grace is similar to the story of the Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gillman. Both works of literature were about psychiatric care. Women were the protagonist in both stories. Also both women were isolated from other people, one in an asylum, another in a lonely room. The dream that Grace describes in the opening chapter makes another appearance in the middle of the novel. In it, Grace sees Nancy with blood all over her face. Alias Grace is the retelling of the real story of Grace Marks. It is a historical fiction novel though, so some aspects such as the character of Dr. Simon Jordan are made up. 11. Style: Atwood rarely uses quotations in this novel. This makes the text more confusing as to who is talking and thinking which thoughts. This does emphasize the ambiguity of Graces life and her account of the murders In addition to the lack of punctuation, Grace also uses the word could very often. This makes it seems like she is making up some of the details, that what she says is conditional The story is presented from the point of view of Graces At the beginning of each chapter, Atwood uses a real historical article and/or a quote that describes something about Grace to introduce the next section. To highlight the quilt theme, Atwood also names each chapter after a genuine quilting pattern and even provides a small picture of the design. 12. Significant lines: I would rather be a murderess than a murderer, if those are the only choices (23) showing feminist attitudes like passing through the gates of Hell and into Paradise (447) when she left the penitentiary and went off into the real world and that is the same with all quilts, you can see them two different ways, by looking at the dark pieces, or else the light (162) there are always more than one way to look at things in life and everything has a dark and light side Murderess is a strong word to have attached to you (27) she has a label attached to her and it makes her think a certain way And so we will all be together (460) the last line of the novel, Grace will all of the remnants of her past onto one quilt so that she can look at it and move on

Paul Cronan Analysis :: essays research papers

A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relevant Dates and Facts a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1973 – Paul Cronan hired by New England Telephone (NET) straight from high school. He began working as a file clerk. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1983 – Cronan was promoted to Service Technician. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January to June 1985 – Cronan was ill at various times, having symptoms of AIDS-related complex (ARC). d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 1985 – Cronan was denied permission to leave work for a medical appointment by his supervisor, Charles O’Brian. O’Brian had given permission on two other occasions, but refused this third time unless Cronan revealed the reason for the appointment. Cronan told O’Brian of his condition only after O’Brian promised the information would be held in confidence. O’Brian excused Cronan for his medical appointment. The next day, Cronan was required to see a company doctor who examined him for 10 minutes. Several days after the appointment, a co-worker phoned Cronan to say that she had heard Cronan was infected with AIDS. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 10, 1985 – Cronan began receiving departmental sickness benefits after phoning his supervisor and requesting medical leave. One week later, Cronan began receiving company paid illness benefits. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 21, 1985 – Cronan’s personal physician provided a medical certificate stating that Cronan was disabled for 3 months. This certificate was renewed and extended for one year. g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the summer of Cronan’s absence, graffiti was written on the bathroom walls at work. h.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  August 1985 – NET department heads from Personnel, Labor Relations, and Medical began meeting to talk about the potential impact of AIDS on the company and its workforce. O’Brian is replaced by Griffin as Cronan’s supervisor. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  September 13, 1985 – Cronan diagnosed with AIDS. j.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  September 16, 1985 – NET announces new corporate AIDS policy. k.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 1985 – Cronan, with the help of the Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts, files a lawsuit in state court against NET. He charges that NET violated state privacy laws and discrimination. l.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January 1986 – NET tries to have the case moved to federal court. m.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 10, 1986 – Cronan’s illness benefits run out and NET puts him on disability which equals 50% of his wages. n.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  October 16, 1986 – Cronan and NET reach an out of court settlement where by Cronan is able to return to work and he receives a transfer. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critical Issues a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Privacy – Cronan’s right to privacy may have been violated when his supervisor revealed his medical information to management other than O’Brian’s immediate supervisor. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discrimination – Cronan may have been discriminated against by his dismissal when his medical benefits had run their course.

Globalization and State Power Essay

As a relatively new concept in the context of social sciences, globalization is the considerably the universal tool that embodies sets of processes that connect societies thus fragmenting and transcending the social structure it confronts (Krieger, 2005). The state then serves as an indispensable institution under practically all projected contingencies, but does countenance new and influential challenges to its foundational mandates mandates. The multifarious debates on globalization has increasingly centered on the relation of the nation-state to economic schemas. Although such connotation is gradually misbranded in rationale, either the nation-state or the inter-state classification is seen retaining its primacy as the axis of international relations and world development. The coining of â€Å"strong state,† is it perceived that the state, having been considered as the bridge of globalization in a dualist construct that posits separate logics for an expanding economy and political system (Williams, 2002). In the international community, it can be observed that the states, leaders, or other individuals who have the power in the international community has a large influence, either deliberate or unintentional, over the decision of other states, leaders or other individuals. The affairs of every single nation can be noted as unique in many ways (Patterson, 2000). Direct intervention from external elements such as the other states may very well diminish the sovereignty of a nation over its own territory. This is to say that every nation has a primordial reign over its own domain which guarantees—or ought to guarantee—the idea that the state is supreme in terms of power in its own land (Kacowicz, 1993). But what happens to this power in the context of a large international community with varying degrees of capabilities, resources and, ultimately, political power? Analysis on the social-spatial distinction and power of globalization The socio-spatial distinction and power of globalization, which at hand is then inherited to the state, is apparently what makes globalization not only a tool for reaching almost all the corners of the globe, but including the long-term series effects which shall surface. Consequently, how the state responds when globalization is escalating will have a noteworthy impact on its capability to retort when globalization falters. Since the state possess both governmental and corporate power, scholars point out the fact that corporate capitalism is the blood that keeps holds all nations and binds them up together despite the issue of diversity. Thus, it is through the philosophy of social justice that these factors are evaluated. Synthesis on the role of a state in the context of globalization The sources of power in international relations can then be presumed to result primarily from the resources of the state or leader. These resources need not essentially correspond to financial resources for there are many other resources that can empower a state or a leader in international affairs. One of these resources is manpower which China and India can be noted as wealthy of. How does manpower become a source of power in international relations? The answer can be traced from the presumption that more people means more hands capable of contributing to the workforce. Although the industrial revolution and information and communications technology have radically altered the demand for manpower, it can be observed that the expansion of industries and technology further required additional manpower. With states such as China and India a cut above the rest in terms of manpower, the amount of industrial production from within the state relatively becomes higher than those states with very minimal workforce. And while a healthy local industry boosts a state’s economy, sending manpower to foreign countries further amplifies the possibility of expanding the gross income of the nation (Krieger, 2005). For the most part, a financially wealthy nation has more purchasing power in many ways which gives it the capacity to take control over resources and manipulate them according to the interest of the state (Williams, 2002). The geography of a certain state also gives it power, specifically strategic power, in wielding a dominant force not only in terms of military affairs but also in terms of commerce and trade or economic progress. For the most part, a state which is situated within the perimeter of an adjacent state is expected to have a form of trade relations (Krieger, 2005). Communication also becomes inevitable between these adjacent states since borders separating them become diminished through wireless communication. For instance, a nation such as Italy surrounded by neighboring states is very much alive in terms of trade and commerce, giving it the economic power in contrast to ‘isolated’ states (Williams, 2002). Conclusions and further remarks To presume that the definition of power is a not static concept is to presume that the essence of power changes such that at one point it may refer to competence to manage and manipulate resources in harmony to the interest of the state or of leaders. On another point, it may not refer to the opposite such as the competence of the lower class or of the members of the state to yield and manipulate resources. Yet this presumption is misleading for the reason that the parallels of both instances are masked by the idea that leaders does not include the larger members of the state or that the members of the state do not include the leaders of the state. Clearly, how the state responds to globalization depicts its power and capabilities. References Kacowicz, A. M. (1993).Teaching International Relations in a Changing World: Four Approaches. Political Science and Politics, 26(1), 76-80. Krieger, J. (2005) Globalization and State Power: A Reader. New Jersey: Longman. Patterson, A. S. (2000). It’s a Small World: Incorporating Service Learning into International Relations Courses. Political Science and Politics, 33(4), 817-822. Williams, J. (2002). Kill ’em All’: The American Military in Korea. Retrieved January 21, 2008, from http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/korea_usa_01. shtml

Dramatic Literature Essay

In the realist drama â€Å"A Doll House†, Ibsen effectively employs dramatic conventions to expose the flawed value system of the bourgeoisie, regarding the institutions of marriage, prejudice gender roles and personal integrity. Moreover, the dramatic tension on the play is heightened through Ibsen’s subversion of the well-made play and the melodramatic denouement at the beginning of each act. In essence, Ibsen satirises the stifling moral climate of the bourgeoisie in conditioning an individual’s identity, in the pursuit for self-determinism. The imposition of prejudice gender roles are brought to life through the doll house metaphor, illuminating the entrapment of the bourgeoisie. Metaphorically, the doll house is a moral safeguard for values of social determinism, which Ibsen exposes the limitations of external forces in conditioning Nora’s existence as a doll. Her internalisation of the pre-determined housewife role and Torvald’s internalisatio n of the patriarch role maintains the illusory deception of the doll house. Nora’s objectification is enforced through Torvald’s gendered language, â€Å"my songbird†, â€Å"lark† and squirrel† and the diction of â€Å"my† connotes Torvald’s ownership of Nora in their superficial marriage. Simultaneously, Torvald’s strict adherence to patriarchal ideologies, limits his capacity to empathise with Nora’s cry for emancipation, evident in the subtext â€Å"give me pennies of my own†. Essentially, Ibsen successfully adopts the doll house metaphor to attack the mores of patriarchy, which forces Nora to compromise her identity and freedom to rigid social ideologies. The superficial institutions of marriage disfigure one’s sense of personal identity, justifying Nora’s cry for liberation from patriarchal ideologies which disempower women of her time. The combination of the stage direction â€Å"wagging his finger† and the patronising tone â€Å"was little Ms Sweet Tooth naughty?† showcases the detriments of social oppression in limiting one’s ability to undergo self-actualisation. The diction â€Å"little† connotes Nora’s submission to Torvald’s internalisation of dominant ideologies, mirroring the dis empowerment of women in the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the symbolic Tarantella dress reflects Torvald’s idealised perception of Nora as his â€Å"pretty little thing†, reiterating Nora’s objectification. The power imbalance within the Helmer marriage justifies Nora’s deceit, evident in the dramatic irony â€Å"I wouldn’t do anything you’d disapprove of†. This notion is juxtaposed with Nora’s statement â€Å"I saved Torvald’s life [by] signing my  father’s name [and] got the money†. Nora’s deception subverts Torvald’s strict adherence to the imposed social ideologies, which Kristine echoes these patriarchal sentiments, â€Å"a wife cannot borrow money without her husband’s permission†. The conflict of gender limitations drives the tragic force of the play in Act 1, ending at a climactic moment to heighten the tension in Act 2. In essence, Ibsen successfully generates a greater degree of empathy for Nora, as he mirrors the d isempowerment of the social and economic limitations of women in the bourgeoisie. Ibsen’s rich exploration of the bourgeoisie, inevitably results in Nora’s detachment from her doll metaphor. Kristine and Krogstad function as catalysts for Nora’s transformation, through illuminating the truth of the Helmer marriage, â€Å"no more lies, tricks†¦ they must understand each other†. While Krogstad initiates the tragic force of the play through his symbolic letter in Act 2. Ibsen establishes the juxtaposition of the authentic relationship of Krogstad and Kristine to the superficiality of the Helmer marriage, compelling Nora to transcend the limitations of the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the parallel of Nora and Krogstad subverts the values of social determinism, as Krogstad elevates himself through the social hierarchy despite being deemed â€Å"morally sick†. Essentially, an unexpected union of the two derives from a compromised understanding, as both characters are criminalised for their acts of personal integrity. Thereby, Ibsen invites the audience to evaluate their personal values, emphasising the importance of self-determinism overriding social confor mity. Ibsen exposes the flawed value system of the bourgeoisie, and forewarns of the detriments of an individual’s life being overridden by social morality. The dramatic irony of the Tarantella dance â€Å"anyone’d think your life depended on this dance† and Nora’s statement â€Å"31 hours to live† foreshadows the impending death of Nora’s doll metaphor. This is further accentuated through Finney’s statement of Nora’s cry for emancipation from the Tarantella dance, evident in â€Å"she returns from her frenzied state, back to the role of a wife and mother, only as a springboard from which to emancipate herself.† Moreover, Nora evolves from a doll identity in Act 1, evident in Rosenburg’s claims â€Å"Ibsen began with a maltreated stuffed Nora doll† to an awakened woman in Act 3. Her transformation demolishes the artificial foundations of the doll house, thus revealing the harsh winter landscape, embodying reality. Therefore, it is  best â€Å"to go out into the real world, and discover the truth for [herself] and [her] values†. Moreover, Ibsen’s subversion of the well-made play is evident in the final scene of the play, where Nora â€Å"slams the door† and leaves the audience with a climactic ending. Ibsen juxtaposes the beginning and final scene of the play to showcase the disparity of Nora’s transition throughout the play. Her first appearance connotes her disempowerment in the bourgeoisie lifestyle, which is then contrasted to the final scene, where she â€Å"puts on the cloak and turns on the lights†. The illumination of the truth compels Nora to extricate herself from the illusory deception of the door house, thus abandoning the false union of her superficial marriage and burden of motherhood. In essence, Nora is virtually unrecognisable by the end of Act 3, as Ibsen courageously abandons the doll metaphor, thus emphasising the importance transcending social limitations to maintain an identity. Mirroring Austen’s social satire â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, Weldon grapples with the significance of context and questions of values in her didactic epistolary novel â€Å"Letters to Alice†. Moreover, both composers utilise form as a vehicle to socially critique their contemporaries, thus reinforcing the didactic purpose of invoking ideological change. This is achieved through the examination of the institutions of marriage, moral education, Literature, prejudice gender roles and social stratification. Weldon examines Austen’s social satire in exploring the changing facets of marriage, thus reshaping our perception of the connection that links the 18th century marriage customs to that of the modern martial practices. The contextualisation of a Georgian woman emphasises the gender injustices prevalent in the 18th century Regency England. Moreover, marriage was depicted as a social contract for economic survival, evident in Charlotte’s pragmatic char acterisation, who married Mr Collins out of practicality rather than â€Å"general similarity of feelings and taste†. Mrs Bennet also reinforces these sentiments, as the â€Å"business of her life was to get her daughters married†, therefore, Mrs Bennet and Charlotte’s strict adherence to social conventions of marriage reinforces its idealistic prospect of being the â€Å"only honourable provision†. Weldon justifies the Georgian woman’s outlook of marriage through the statistics â€Å"only 30% of women married† and  asserts Alice â€Å"you must understand the world in which Austen was born in†. Thereby, the modern audience is able to grapple with the significance assigned to marriage in Austen’s world, through Weldon’s insight. In essence, Austen satirises the flawed value system regarding the institutions of marriage through her adoption of caricatures and irony. Weldon acts as a facilitator for the modern audience to gain a holistic understanding of â€Å"P+P†, through her examination of the gender injustices prevalent in Austen†™s era. Patriarchy prevailed in the 18th century, meaning life was founded on the basis of marriage, as women were limited to the narrow confines of work, â€Å"women’s trade – millinery, embroidery, prostitution†¦ or you could get married†. Weldon’s satirical comment reveals the prejudice gender roles in disempowerment women in the 18th century, thus asserting â€Å"it was a horrible time to be alive†. This is further accentuated through Charlotte’s pragmatism, who â€Å"does not think highly of men or matrimony† and â€Å"sacrifices every feeling of worldly advantage† to accepting Mr Collin’s marriage proposal for financial security and social elevation. Moreover, Weldon’s satirical comment juxtaposed the perceptions of marriage in the 18th century to that of the modern context, â€Å"the stuff in our women’s magazine, but it was the stuff of their life†. The elevation of gender roles in the modern context emphasises the adversities women faced in Austen’s world, and this is achieved through the contrast of character foils Elizabeth and Charlotte. In essence, Weldon positions the audience to gain an appreciation for the transformation of gender roles in changing contexts, empowering women to become great contributors to society. Weldon’s hybridity employs Aunt Faye as a mouthpiece to examine the institutions of Literature in â€Å"P+P† and â€Å"LTA†. The emphasis of Literature’s value in society is evident in the hyperbole â€Å"very essence of civilisation†. According to Weldon’s didacticism, Literature should not be deemed as â€Å"just books†, as it embodies complex and dynamic concepts of the human condition. In essence, Weldon refers to Literature with a â€Å"capital L† and books by the sophistication of their characters, whose struggles in their fictional lives resonate to our own. Moreover, the use of imperatives â€Å"you must read Alice, before it is too late† reinforces Weldon’s didactic purpose of Literature catalysing self-actualisation. Compar ably, an accomplished Georgian woman â€Å"has a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing and dancing†. Austen however  satirises this limited perception of â€Å"good education† as it is â€Å"ineffectual† to foster independence and intelligence in women. Lady Catherine’s patronising tone in addressing Elizabeth as an â€Å"unfeeling, selfish girl† demonstrates her lack of moral education despite her aristocratic stature. It is Elizabeth however, who epitomises â€Å"good education† with her wit and independence, thus undergoing self-awakening, â€Å"til this moment I never knew myself†. In contrast, Weldon employs the extended metaphor of the â€Å"City of Invention† to promote connections, where writers can â€Å"cohabit and collaborate† with their â€Å"Houses of Imagination†. Moreover, our â€Å"carvings† on the â€Å"Rock of Eternity† symbolises our shared experiences and values, linking the past, present and future together. Thus, Weldon invites the audience to reach out to posterity, much like Austen through her canonical Literature. The â€Å"City† also enables connections between reader and writer, for us to â€Å"understand ourselves and each other†, thus gaining empathy through Literature. Weldon’s re-examination of â€Å"P+P† showcases the fundamental values predominant in classic texts, thus transcending their era of composition, and emphasising the importance of Literature in catalysing one’s sense of spiritual awakening. The underlying value prevalent in both texts of social stratification is enhanced by the contextualisation of fundamental values in both texts. Austen asserts the stability and order enforced through conformity to rigid social class structures, and family being a primary factor to determining one’s social standing, and consequently one’s chance of marriage. This is evident in Lady Catherine’s caricature, as she forewarns of the detriments of an individual’s subversion of the social class system, â€Å"you’ll be slighted and despised†¦ your alliance will be a disgrace†. Simultaneously, Austen introduces the unorthodox union of Darcy and Elizabeth to challenge the social class system because their relationship is founded on mutual respect and compatibility, thus invoking a positive change in the rigid social structure. Weldon accounts for Darcy’s decision â€Å"to marry where he loved, and not where he ought†, as Elizabeth â€Å"brought neither land nor money – but she brought vigour, intelligence and honesty†. In essence, Austen exposes the superficiality of the institutions of social stratification, and emphasises the importance of personal integrity overriding social morality. Shakespeare’s adaptation of Plutarch’s histories â€Å"Julius Caesar† utilises tragic form to exhibit the subjective nature of conflicting perspectives. Moreover, the linguistic techniques elicited through the power play of orations subvert the audience’s views of personalities, events and situations. Shakespeare presents multitude perspectives to explore the power vacuum and political machinations prevalent in Elizabethan England. In essence, the audience is positioned to accept the ambiguity of conflicting perspectives, through Shakespeare’s exploration of the volatility and temporary nature of power, political imperatives and the validity of truth. Similarly, Buttrose’s feature article â€Å"Et tu Julia† employs â€Å"Julius Caesar† as a historical framework to explore the dynamics of politics and represent the subjectivity of conflicting perspectives. Thereby, Buttrose grapples with the tension between the drive for altruistic and political imperatives, thus leading to the audience’s questioning of Gillard’s legitimacy as PM. Shakespeare’s construction of conflicting portraitures forewarns of the dangers of political machination superseding one’s capacity for objectivity and â€Å"truth†. Mirroring the political machinations of Elizabethan England, Shakespeare explores the dynamics of political imperatives at the expense of Brutus’ honour. Caesar’s deification â€Å"as constant as the northern star† and repetition of third person accentuates his hubris, through the establishment of the artificial distance between himself and his mortality. Through various representations, Shakespeare illuminates the fallacy inherent in Caesar’s noble character, leading to his tragic demise, thus revealing the fragility of power. The audience is able to recognise Caesar’s vulnerability through the act of political machination of Cassius compelling Brutus to conspire against Caesar, â€Å"as crowned, how that might change his nature†. Shakespeare’s juxtaposition of Caesar’s thrasonical assertions opposed to Cassius’ anecdotes of Caesar’s fragility â€Å"help me Cassius, or I sink† generates polarised perspectives of Caesar’s personality. Moreover, the combination of the extended metaphor â€Å"ambition’s ladder’ and the biblical allusion of â€Å"serpent’s egg†¦ if hatch’d would grow mischievous†, leads to the audience’s questioning of Caesar’s ambition. Ultimately, this robs Brutus of his foresight, compelling him to ext ricate the satanic creature to prevent a potentially despotic reign, ironically defying the natural order. Essentially, Shakespeare explores the dynamics of political machinations  overriding one’s noble perspective, thus stimulating conflicting ideologies in questions of â€Å"truth†. Simultaneously, Buttrose’s intertextuality â€Å"Et tu Julia† examines the justification of Gillard’s political machinations and the speculation of her credibility of her political machination. The condition clause â€Å"we have to see whether Julia Caesar is a reforming republican or imperial stooge† historically alludes to Caesar’s assassination, raising questions of ethics in the conspiracy. Buttrose mirrors Shakespeare’s criticism of the conspiracy, evident in the hyperbole â€Å"the political murder of Kevin Rudd† coupled with the violent imagery, â€Å"the coup came, the plotters bludgeoned†. Essentially, the Labour party is represented as despotic and immoral, leading to the audience’s questioning of Rudd’s dismissal and Gillard’s instatement, thus generating a greater degree of empathy for the fallen PM. Moreover, his support for Rudd is further accentuated through the use of idiosyncratic Australian colloquialism â€Å"[Rudd] wanted to buy back the farms from mining interests†, elevating his political stature through emphasising his altruistic imperatives for public good. Mirroring Antony’s assertions of Caesar’s benevolence, Buttrose similarly presents an anecdote of Rudd’s claims to â€Å"improve health services, education and housing†. Comparably, Buttrose represents a polarised perspective of Gillard’s legitimacy for her acts of political machination for the welfare of the Labour party. This is evident in denigrating Rudd’s credibility as PM through the slogan â€Å"Rudd the Dud†¦ not to be trusted† coupled with the polling statistics â€Å"losing electoral appeal† and â€Å"Liberal party lead of 9%†. Essentially reinforcing Gillard’s credibility as leader, the political jargon appeals to the audie nce’s logos, positioning them to accept the act of Rudd’s dismissal as a necessity for the Labour party. In essence, Buttrose represents the subjectivity of conflicting perspectives conditioned in the dynamics of politics. Shakespeare challenges the audience to postulate on the existence of truth through illuminating the power of rhetoric to influence meaning within different representations of perspectives. Political machinations are explored in Brutus and Antony’s orations, epitomising conflicting perspectives to the climax of Caesar’s assassination in Act 3. Brutus’ antithesis â€Å"not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more† appeals to the Plebians’ patriotism, and the disjunction â€Å"but† enables the  audience to recognise Brutus’ moral sacrifice for the betterment of Rome. This is further accentuated through the anacoenosis â€Å"have Caesar live and die all slaves, than Caesar die to live all free men?† coupled with the strong affirmation â€Å"Caesar was ambition, so I slew him†, appealing to the audience’s logos, thus positioning to accept the necessity of Caesar’s assassination. Brutus instils fear of Caesar’s inherent tyranny in the Plebians through the diction of â€Å"slave†. Comparably, Shakespeare presents an alternative perspective of Caesar’s personality through Antony’s oration. Antony exploits the power of rhetoric through the condition clauses, â€Å"if Caesar was ambitious† to question the validity of Brutus’ claims. This is further negated through the recollection of memories â€Å"he thrice refused [the crown]†, leading the audience to question their personal truths in determining the credibility of Brutus’ justification of his political imperatives. Fundamentally, Shakespeare exploits the power of representations through the power of rhetoric to manipulate â€Å"truths†, thus leading to conflicting ideologies.

Free Essays on Levi Strauss

Levi Strauss When the name Levi Strauss comes to mind, most people would probably think of denim jeans or his company, Levi Strauss & Co. That’s because he invented the first riveted pair of jeans and he started the first and largest manufacturer of denim jeans. Levi Strauss was born on February 26, 1829 in Buttenheim, Bavaria what is now known as Germany. In 1843, Strauss sailed from Bremerhaven to New York City to join his two brothers, Jonas and Louis, who already had a successful wholesale textile and tailoring business. After staying only a few days in New York, he decided to go to his uncle’s ranch in Louisville, Kentucky. Strauss spent the next five years of his life there learning English and the ways of the Americans, so he could take over his uncle’s ranch. In 1853 he returned to New York and he also became an American citizen. After word spread about the gold rush in California, Levi decided to travel west to San Francisco to get rich. He did not have intentions of looking for gold, but instead he wanted to sell supplies. When Strauss arrived in San Francisco during March of 1853, he established a wholesale dry-goods store that was located on 90 Sacramento Street. He began by selling tents and wagon covers to the Forty-Niners, but he found no market in the products. So he used the stout canvas that he brought with him to make very durable pants. The miners found the pants very useful since they were always on the ground. Strauss named these â€Å"durable pants† waist overalls. He soon began selling them as fast as he could make them. In 1872, a Nevada tailor named Jacob Davis wrote a letter suggesting they put rivets in the jeans to reinforce the seams. In 1872, Strauss hired Jacob Davis and they began producing riveted blue denim jeans and jackets. Soon Strauss and Davis applied for a United States Patent on July 5,1... Free Essays on Levi Strauss Free Essays on Levi Strauss Levi Strauss When the name Levi Strauss comes to mind, most people would probably think of denim jeans or his company, Levi Strauss & Co. That’s because he invented the first riveted pair of jeans and he started the first and largest manufacturer of denim jeans. Levi Strauss was born on February 26, 1829 in Buttenheim, Bavaria what is now known as Germany. In 1843, Strauss sailed from Bremerhaven to New York City to join his two brothers, Jonas and Louis, who already had a successful wholesale textile and tailoring business. After staying only a few days in New York, he decided to go to his uncle’s ranch in Louisville, Kentucky. Strauss spent the next five years of his life there learning English and the ways of the Americans, so he could take over his uncle’s ranch. In 1853 he returned to New York and he also became an American citizen. After word spread about the gold rush in California, Levi decided to travel west to San Francisco to get rich. He did not have intentions of looking for gold, but instead he wanted to sell supplies. When Strauss arrived in San Francisco during March of 1853, he established a wholesale dry-goods store that was located on 90 Sacramento Street. He began by selling tents and wagon covers to the Forty-Niners, but he found no market in the products. So he used the stout canvas that he brought with him to make very durable pants. The miners found the pants very useful since they were always on the ground. Strauss named these â€Å"durable pants† waist overalls. He soon began selling them as fast as he could make them. In 1872, a Nevada tailor named Jacob Davis wrote a letter suggesting they put rivets in the jeans to reinforce the seams. In 1872, Strauss hired Jacob Davis and they began producing riveted blue denim jeans and jackets. Soon Strauss and Davis applied for a United States Patent on July 5,1...

cooperation vs. competition essays

cooperation vs. competition essays Which process is stronger and more important? Which process we shall encourage and which discourage? A competition which makes sure that humans are still going forward or cooperation which assures that we are still human beings and can solve common problems together. A dilemma that has always existed, a natural choice that human beings has been confronted. Fortunately it was the greatest skill of humans to combine these two paradoxically contradictory processes to produce th world we are living now and to keep improving it. Competition can be defined as a process where one being rivals the other in reaching certain objective faster and smarter. It is a force that has been given by nature and has assured that only those who deserve to survive will be able to do it. Long before the human beings have appeared on earth other creatures were competing with each other for a single aim of survival. Advent of humans didnt change the basic import of competition. They started to compete not only with other animals environing them but also with animals of the same kind, namely, humans. Competing with environment allowed humans to take control of it and produced improvements, innovations and modernizations that humans have enjoyed throughout their evolution. However, competition and cooperation are merely one side of the same coin. When competition is a rival between two or more to reach an aim, cooperation is an agreement to reach that aim together. Competition makes sure that only strongest survive regardless of the purpose, cooperation insures that that the survival is adhered to the purpose. An organization of people to reach a common aim can be narrowly called as a society, and society was enabled only by cooperation. Cooperation is a force that assured a leading role of humans on this planet, a continuation of a progress of human beings. For instances, in our everyday life we compete ever ...

How to Let Your College Crush Know You Like Them

How to Let Your College Crush Know You Like Them Had your eye on that crush for a little while, and ready to at least see if that persons feelings for you are the same? You may be terrified, but you also may be at the point where youd just rather take the step than keep things in the unknown. If youre not sure where to start, consider these ways to let your college crush know you like them. Give Some Kind of Gift It can be flowers, a small care package (who doesnt like care packages in college?), or even something that you know your crush has a soft spot for. But any small gift or gesture is sure to let someone know that you hold your relationship whatever it is closer to your heart than most others. Utilize Some Kind of Campus Fundraiser If its around Valentines Day, Halloween, or another major holiday, take advantage of a campus fundraising program. You can send a Valentines Day gift, flowers, Halloween treats, or any other small gift to your crush in his or her classroom through fundraisers on campus that offer the opportunity. It can be a great way to show someone you like them while also helping support your campus community. Just Ask It sounds and is terrifying. But if your crush is really all you hope he or she is, sitting down and talking about your feelings may be the best thing you ever do. You just may surprise yourself with how the conversation works out! Ask Your Crush to Dinner off Campus or at Your Apartment Nothing says youre-just-another-college-friend-to-me than dinner in the campus dining hall(s) or cafe(s). Take your crush somewhere special to indicate that youre interested in being more than just college pals. Put Something in Writing It shouldnt be too long (that gets creepy), and it can be handwritten or by email. But, since some folks express themselves best through their writing, sending along a letter letting your crush know how you feel may be your best bet. It can also eliminate the awkwardness of a conversation and give your crush some time to process before responding.

Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gay Marriage - Essay Example There has been a deep involvement by various state legislatures in public debates over the definitions of marriages and if the official recognition of marriage should be accorded to the couples that belong to the same sex (Wardle 177). Currently, laws that allow marriages between people that are of the same sex exist in the District of Columbia as well as seventeen other states. In developments that have occurred recently, federal judges in various places including, Oklahoma, Texas and Virginia as well as other places have ruled that the bans that are directed at marriages between people of the same sex are unconstitutional and the rulings have been put on hold as they await appeals. The Supreme Court in New Mexico ruled in December 2013 that the people who lived as couples in the state and were of same sex were allowed to marry each other while the Illinois and Hawaii Legislatures embraced legislation that allowed people of the same sex to marry each other in November 2013. Earlier, in October, the Supreme Court in New Jersey had declined to postponement of a state District Court decision that required the state to recognize marriages taking place between people who were of the same sex and the governor made the announcement that the state would abandon its appeal to allow the state to permit the marriages. Religious factors are more often than not involved in the arguments of whether to allow or prohibit gay marriages and some of the religious associations do not give job opportunities or serve couples that are of the same sex (Duncan and Jones 39). The Christian groups that support this kind of union argue that the people who are in these relationships are God’s creation and should therefore be treated the same way as the other people. The ones that are opposed to it argue that the relationships go against morals as well as the will of God while subverting the objective of humanity that is to bear children. There is a varied approach by the Jewish church

Leadership and Change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership and Change management - Essay Example An effective form of leadership can be recognized as one of the chief determinants for an organization to attain competitive position in the fiercely growing business market (Andriopoulos and Dawson 197-199). The report aims to demonstrate the fundamental concept of leadership and its major significance in organizational success or failure. With regard to proactively recognize the roles and importance of leadership, the discussion of this project report enables to understand the leadership styles and functions of Jeff Bezos, the founder and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Amazon.com, Inc. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW With regard to the study of Collins (2002), certain crucial factors like increased level of internationalization along with globalization and prevalence of extreme business market competition denote the emerging need of performing effective leadership practices within an organization. These effectual leadership practices can encourage the employees to perform better than th e existing efforts perform by them. Moreover, the practices help in enhancing the empowerment skills of every organizational member and generating new ideas in the workplace, resulting in accomplishing predetermined business targets of the organizations (Collins, â€Å"The Effectiveness of Managerial Leadership Development Programs: A Meta-Analysis of Studies from 1982-2001†). ... k of the recent activities and (3) learning about the challenges of working responsibility that occurs during the development level of leadership in an organization. Relating to this significant concern, the above discussed methods clearly define the selection of appropriate individuals as leaders who possess the ability to endure the indistinctness, relativity of knowledge along with the possessiveness of determining and continuing to learn innovative methods of working tasks (McCauley, â€Å"Leader Development: A Review of Research†). 3. COMPANY HISTORY Amazon is regarded as one of the foremost and renowned online retailers, which deals in selling various sorts of products over the web (internet). The company was founded by Jeff Bezos in the year 1994 and started its e-commerce business in the year 1995. With the rapid pace of technological developments along with the fiercely growing online business market, the organization has been recognized to develop its brand position through developing quality products or services to the global clients through online. Currently, the organization tends to offer a huge collection of products or services that include books, electronic goods, computer parts and accessories along with clothing and furniture items to the global customers over the medium of internet (Krishnamurthy, â€Å"Amazon.Com - A Business History†). 4. HISTORY OF THE FOUNDER Jeffrey P. Bezos (Jeff Bezos) is viewed to be a highly renowned name in the global online retailing business industry. The leader became much popular for his exceptional leadership skills that eventually made Amazon to become one of the successful and giant online stores in the respective business industry. Relating to the earliest days of Bezos, the leader graduated from Princeton University

Critically Assess the Employee Relations Management Style Adopted By Essay

Critically Assess the Employee Relations Management Style Adopted By ACME Engineering - Essay Example 148-149). ACME is a sales and a manufacturing operation. This makes us different from other Japanese plants that have will have just a manufacturing operation. This is one significant organizational difference among ACME and further UK Japanese plants. ACME is an industrialized plant and a selling tool. It's also a declaration of commitment to the long term in Europe. â€Å"Acme components represent computational elements and data stores of a system. ACME’s managerial style included a mechanistic organization† (Garlan et al. n.d., p. 52). Management Style Used by ACME: ACME follows a classical-scientific method to management with autocratic management style. â€Å"Autocratic management style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want done and how they want it accomplished, without getting the advice of their followers. Some of the appropriate conditions to use it are when you have all the information to solve the problem, you are short on time, and your e mployees are well motivated† (Leadership Styles 1997). The autocratic management style leaves no room to workers payment to the running of the industry, and they are treated quite and impersonally; frequently ignored when they suggest developments for the business. Because the classical-scientific technique relies on every member doing their individual task to contribute to the entire business, the high stages of absenteeism signify that work is not getting done; hence the production of the business will suffer. ACME’s vertical separation, which includes of four stages of control, constitutes the distribution of authority among the organizational hierarchy levels and technologies to provide the organization more control than its activities and projects. â€Å"In addition to profit sharing, the executive pay package at Acme should include a stock option plan† (Lawler 2011, p. 248). ACME is extremely centralized. Directors from the top of the class structure have a ll the control to create the majority of the choices for the organization, and subordinates are probable to follow instructions. Even though, I consider that ACME has founded a high level of formalization and standardization, they experienced complicatedness abiding to their own policies. Employees at ACME use individual specialization, where workers concentrate on one particular work and area individually. â€Å"Acme’s top executives were actively looking for managers whose behavior and management philosophy aligned with this new orientation. These efforts reinforced the emphasis on sensitivity to bias and racial stereo types that Bowman had initiated† (Thomas & Gabarro 1999, p. 162). Following are the Managerial Style Structure of ACME. Specialization Type: At ACME, the head retained the single structure of the plant, before it became a divide entity. The managerial structure was well-defined, with high quantity of separation of labor. Each section executed its task separately. Therefore, type of area is individual. Integrating Mechanism: Due to the well-defined, tall ladder of the organization, the basic incorporating mechanism in ACME is Authority. Distribution of Authority: The majority choices were issued from top of the organization down to its lesser levels. Distribution of power was mostly centralized. Standardization of Rules: Most of the works were being done in an already defined method, were orders to create actions which were issued among

Infectious Disease found in the Developing World Research Paper

Infectious Disease found in the Developing World - Research Paper Example It is described as an obligate parasite with humans as its natural reservoir. Salmonella typhi is a gram-negative bacterium from the family Enterobacterioceae. It is a â€Å"multi-organ pathogen that inhabits the lymphatic tissues of the small intestine, liver, spleen, and bloodstream of infected humans† (Pollack, 2003). It does not usually inhabit or infect animals and the bacterium is most common in developing nations where sanitation is poor and there is limited supply of antibiotics. It is also described as a motile and facultative anaerobe which is very much susceptible to the action of antibiotics. There are about 107 strains of this bacterium which have already been isolated. Many of these strains have different metabolic characteristics and degrees of virulence; some of them are multi-drug resistant. Scientists studying this bacterium narrate that it contains the typical endotoxin expected of Gram-negative microorganisms as well as the Vi antigen which usually increase s the virulence of the bacterium. It is also known to excrete ‘invasin’, a protein that lets non-phagocytic cells take the bacterium, and later enables it to live inside the cell. This ‘invasin’ sometimes also prevents the oxidative burst of leukocytes, thereby preventing the innate immune response to the bacterium (Pollack, 2003). Typhoid fever is transmitted through the oral-fecal route. It is transmitted orally through food which is handled by an individual who frequently sheds the salmonella typhi bacterium through his stool or sometimes through his urine. The hand-to-mouth transmission is also possible â€Å"after using a contaminated toilet and neglecting hand hygiene† (Brusch, et.al., 2008). It may also be transmitted through sewage contaminated water ingested by humans. Shellfish which is taken from contaminated water, raw fruits and vegetables which are fertilized with contaminated sewage are also possible contaminants. High incidence rates are

Maintenance Awareness in Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maintenance Awareness in Design - Essay Example Findings: The findings of this paper indicates that systems always fail due to miss management and poor planning on the part of managers, companies and all individuals involved in any specific project. Moreover, it further indicates that designers can learn from various failures and they can minimize the risk factors by taking several measures. System failure, basically, stands for any situation when a system stops working and fails to achieve desired objectives. It further lacks in smooth functioning of an overall system which is very much required for any successful design and project. Nowadays, it is common trend that people prefer to use new systems and advanced technology rather than old ones. They feel themselves more compatible with latest technology just because of demand and trend. Projects are usually driven just to replace the old trends and architecture. Old systems are extensively replaced with new ones having new technology. However, it is very essential to understand that there are several important aspects and stages involved in any good design. All of these stages should be accessed if you want a successful design. It is not wise option to go just for modern and trendy designs. Essential stages should be kept in mind. These generally include, If we look at technical side of the modern projects, we will observe that nowadays projects are built with a goal of offering multiple functions that was not possible in recent past. Currently, systems become the integration of various sub systems. Some additional constraints are also getting involved day by day with changing needs and demands of various people. Now people are more concerned about reliability and security systems offer within a design. Nowadays, we can also observe that the success rate is continuously decreasing and most of the large projects of engineering are less satisfactory. Many of the projects are getting failed and end up in failures and great risks. However, it is also a

Economy of Germany Nowadays Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economy of Germany Nowadays - Assignment Example Germany is one such country whose economy was largely affected by the economic recession leading to inflations and a drop in currency value. The economy has since stabilized as it continues to invest in its economy. The value of the euro has since stabilized and the trend is approaching upward exponential growth. The current biggest hurdle facing the country is an ever-increasing rate of unemployment facing young youths who are joining the job market. This has been cited to arise from the high number of foreign labor infiltrating the market due to the competitive, lucrative industrial wage rate that attracts labor from all over the world to the disadvantage of its native labor force (Wall, 2010). Germany has since maintained its competitive labor market as compared to its neighboring states owing to a well-crafted wage rate with a competent and productive pool of labor. The economy of the country has been slowed down by post-German wars that incapacitated the state and brought down the economy to ground level as everything came to a halt. It took time for Germany to recover but even then, they could not restore their resources and degraded infrastructure to their previous state. Such setbacks are what impacted the economy. The other factor affecting the economy is the high rate of unemployment as earlier mentioned. The country has no setbacks absorb its labor force into developing the economy due to the increased growth rates and frequent infiltration of labor forces from the neighboring states.  

Maintenance Awareness in Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maintenance Awareness in Design - Essay Example Findings: The findings of this paper indicates that systems always fail due to miss management and poor planning on the part of managers, companies and all individuals involved in any specific project. Moreover, it further indicates that designers can learn from various failures and they can minimize the risk factors by taking several measures. System failure, basically, stands for any situation when a system stops working and fails to achieve desired objectives. It further lacks in smooth functioning of an overall system which is very much required for any successful design and project. Nowadays, it is common trend that people prefer to use new systems and advanced technology rather than old ones. They feel themselves more compatible with latest technology just because of demand and trend. Projects are usually driven just to replace the old trends and architecture. Old systems are extensively replaced with new ones having new technology. However, it is very essential to understand that there are several important aspects and stages involved in any good design. All of these stages should be accessed if you want a successful design. It is not wise option to go just for modern and trendy designs. Essential stages should be kept in mind. These generally include, If we look at technical side of the modern projects, we will observe that nowadays projects are built with a goal of offering multiple functions that was not possible in recent past. Currently, systems become the integration of various sub systems. Some additional constraints are also getting involved day by day with changing needs and demands of various people. Now people are more concerned about reliability and security systems offer within a design. Nowadays, we can also observe that the success rate is continuously decreasing and most of the large projects of engineering are less satisfactory. Many of the projects are getting failed and end up in failures and great risks. However, it is also a

The Crucible - Abigail Essay Example for Free

The Crucible Abigail Essay The character who I would find the most interesting to play in The Crucible is Abigail. There are many ways in which Miller has made her an interesting and complex character to act as, including her change in power over the stage, her role as a cruel and merciless character, the fact you can relate her to a real historical figure and the audiences ability to see a slightly softer side to her at some points in the play and question their opinions of her. The first way in which Miller makes Abigail an interesting character to play is the way in which her control over the stage and the audience changes throughout the play. There are times when she shown as a very strong and manipulative character and has great presence, for example in the yellow bird scene where she leads all the other girls in preventing Mary Warren from telling the truth. The words are full of malice, for example when she first mentions Marys name and says Envy is a deadly sin Mary. Even though she has been lying and sinning throughout the play, the uses of the words deadly and sin show us that she is very good at manipulating the situation to her advantage by planting these malicious words into peoples heads. She is made to sound very threatening but at the same time she is saving herself, not minding getting others into trouble. However, in contrast to this, there are times in the play where Miller shows some of Abigails power slipping away from her and she is not able to play with the mind of the person she is talking to. A good example of this is where she is talking to Proctor near the beginning of the play and is trying to convince him that he still loves her. The words Miller has given her show her clutching at straws as she tries everything she knows, for example trying to be seductive when she says Give me a word John, a soft word. When this doesnt work, she is shown as getting even more desperate, finally shouting out John, pity me, pity me! These two examples show her in very different stages of power. I think this would be interesting to play as you would both be able to hold the stage at some points but also be able to play a character with some depth and show her scrabbling for any power she can when she does not get her way. Carrying on from this, another interesting part of playing Abigail would be the sheer power that she has over the audience during the play. She is almost always the centre of attention whenever she possibly can be and the audience are never completely sure whether they should be pitying her or being very suspicious of her. From the start we can see through the stage directions that Abby is meant to have a remarkable skill for dissembling, however the audience do not see this and so they go through the play wondering what to really think of her. She acts very sweet and innocent at the beginning and it would be enjoyable for the actress to play this knowing that she is in fact deceiving the audience. Later on in the play she could be played showing more twistedness, for example when she is playing the yellow bird scene and making remarks at Mary Warren whom we trust and believe isnt a witch, so by then the audiences sympathies will have moved and the actress playing Abigail can really show them how bitter her character is.

Business Plan For A Handicraft Business In UK Marketing Essay

Business Plan For A Handicraft Business In UK Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION The objective of this report is to study and prepare the business plan for a handicraft business in UK. This business plan deals with the feasibility analysis, idea generation, and industry analysis at both the local and global level to understand the market and business factors. The market analysis is also done, primarily through the secondary sources to capture the potential demand of handicrafts in the UK market and the trends which the customer are looking for in this industry. After analyzing the demand, the technical analysis was done for the business. For the success of any business, it is necessary that the idea or the basis of the plan should be strong. But it is also imperative that the plan should take into account a true picture of financials to have a strong foundation on which the business can be built upon. Therefore in the report, a detailed preparation of cash flow analysis, profitability analysis and the expected expenditure in the business has been taken care of. The report has taken into consideration the risk factor also which the business needs to consider before commencing on the work. Handicraft is a business which needs not only financial capital but also human capital and it is necessary that skilled labour is available in plenty. The attrition rate is low in this industry provided they are provided with adequate support and wages. In the report I have tried to touch upon that issue as well. Also the manner in which the products would be sold and promoted in the market would be taken care of. We would not be opening our own stores for now and would be selling on to other retailers. However the idea of opening the stores is not discarded as whole for now and would be seen as an option at a later stage in the life of the business. Heavy spending is planned to promote the products in the initial phase of the business and various media vehicles would be tried upon to promote the products well in the market. The business as of now focusing primarily on the UK market and later on in the later stage, the business can be expanded further. Contents Introduction Handicraft Industry The handicraft industry is one of the most productive sectors in the economy. The reason being that this sector not only uses the raw materials but also give employment opportunities to a number of people. Thus not only financial capital and raw material is employed but also a lot of human capital is also used in this business (Garrison, 2008). According to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) International Symposium on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Crafts and the International Market: Trade and customs codificationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Manila, Philippines, October 1997. Handicrafts can be defined as products which are produced either completely by hand or with the help of tools. Mechanical tools may be used as long as the direct manual contribution of the artisan remains the most substantial component of the finished product. Handicrafts are made from the raw materials and can be produced in unlimited numbers. Such products can be utilitarian, aesthetic, cultural, artistic and may have a social, religious and symbolic significance (Robertson, 2002). Industry Analysis UK has been a country with a rich and diverse culture. Lot of migrant population also resides in various parts of the country. It is because of this that handicraft industry has played an important role in this country. The industry provides economic advantage much because of the demand from various strata of the population (Mathias, 2001). Handicrafts have always attracted people much because of their cultural importance and it crosses barriers too. The customers in any market look for handicrafts from not only the local market but also from the other countries (Barlow, 1991). Therefore both the cultural and financial values are attached to this industry. This industry by its mass and production scale lies in the middle class as not much finance and manufacturing facilities are needed in this business. The industry is decentralized and is labour intensive. Not many players fight in this market and only small players operate in this area. The sector employs a lot of people and thus acts as a medium of employment for lot of people. The sector has seen an increase in growth much due to the fact that people have been more open to the culture of other countries and are accepting it more often. The era of globalization has helped in the revival of this industry not only in the UK market but also in other markets too (Andrews , 2009). Classification of Handicrafts Industry Handicraft products can be distinguished into the following: Metal ware Wood ware Hand printed textiles Embroidered and crocheted goods Shawls Carpets Embroidered goods Bamboo products Zari goods Earthenware and jute products Miscellaneous handicrafts SWOT Analysis of Handicraft Industry Strengths Market is diversified and has huge potential Presence of large product variety because of various cultures Low capital investment Flexibility in production of goods as per market demand Low barriers to the entry of new players Products sold are high value ones and have diversified usage Weakness Lack of coordination between government bodies and companies Inadequate information on the current market trends Lack of skilled labour Opportunities Development of domestic tourism sector which helps in boosting sales. Usage of internet and other technologies in boosting the market potential Rising demand because of people becoming more open to cultures Threats Lack of branding opportunities in this sector Threats from the developing countries like India and China in terms of resources Business Proposition We would be dealing in the limited set of handicraft industry as many products come under its purview. Our company would serve the needs of the customers in only the wooden handicrafts market. The reason for choosing this is that in UK market these products are used almost in every home. Products like decorative chairs, desks, beds, sofas which are made by hand are seen as high value products in the market as customers look for something different. Particularly for the UK customer, they need products which not only serve their functional purpose but also add something extra. It is with this that we plan to enter in this industry with this specific set of products. Wooden handicrafts refer to a wide range of wooden items carrying utilitarian and artistic value that are made by hand o with the use of simple tools. They are made by unmatched workmanship, have fine designs and have subtle elegance. The products require low capital investment to manufacture. The wooden handicraft sector provides a high ratio of value addition and has emerged as one of the major sources of foreign exchange in the country too. (Sumption, 2010) Market Analysis Majority of the current players in the market deal in almost all the product categories in the wooden handicraft industry. (Macleod, 2006) Retailing is not done by them and they deal in mostly the production part. They have retailing contracts with other partners which help them sell the products Monthly production units are majorly in the range of thousands of units for all the products combined Wooden and glass handicrafts are majorly in demand in the UK market. (John, 2006) Inventories are usually kept low as these products are sold and produced in lower units in the market. Almost all the players in the market hire the labor at a contractual basis rather than on a permanent basis. Many of the players take the route of exhibition to promote their products to the customers. (Mathias, 2001) These products are high margin products as they are mainly value based ones. Hence high margin and medium volume is generally the trend in the industry Competition The following players currently operate in the market and sell wooden handicrafts in the market. World Art and Crafts Ltd. Java Art Elements Ltd. Demand Analysis and Forecasting During our study we also analysed the demand pattern for the various products in the wooden handicraft market and it came to around 50000 units per month on approximation. There is a demand supply gap in the market as according to our supply the current players in the market are able to provide close to 30000 units only. Hence we consider a huge potential to be catch up in the market.(Boseley,2009) The market is growing closely at an annual rate of 15%. Hence it is decided that the capacity would be initially 60% for the first year and then it will grow accordingly. Marketing Channel As mentioned before, our business involves only manufacturing the products. Therefore we would use a network of retailers called partners to sell our products in the market. These would be mainly big retailers like WalMart, Tesco etc. Strategic Marketing Plan Wooden handicraft particularly the furniture part is an unbranded commodity and hence manufacturers generally do not have to spend too much on the promotional part. It is better for them to increase the margin given to the retailers so that they push the company product more in front of the customers. However in order to differentiate our offering and to capture the customer base, it is necessary to have a basic strategic marketing plan. The following would be the strategies used by us: Steady supply with timely delivery to fulfill the demand in the market thereby providing products with high quality Products would be given emphasis on the design front. Designs would be based on several themes Orders would also be taken online from the customers apart from being available in the retail The company plans to both manufactures the products locally in the UK market as well as import some of it from the Indian market. Indians play a vital role in UK both in terms of trade and demographics and thus there is a market to serve the Indian community. The other reasons to source the products from India are: The demand for Indian wooden handicrafts is evergreen. It is both difficult for the labour in UK to produce these handicrafts as the design in Indian art work is quite intricate. Hence it is decided that some portion of our products would be sourced directly from the Indian producers, mainly based in states like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Indian being a developing country, both the labour and raw materials are quite cheap as compared to other developed countries. Hence it makes sense to outsource some of the production work. Indian artisans are well known around the world. British make a major portion of the people visiting India every year and hence they come in contact with Indian art and culture too. Thus getting products from market like India helps in understanding the customer taste and keep the product portfolio up to date. Some of the Indian players which have been shortlisted and considered for sourcing of the products are as follows: Khan Arts India Madnik International Goyal India Indus Trade Handmade Crafts Antiquity Handicrafts All the products in the portfolio would be sourced from these six major exporters in India. These players have been selected after thorough search of their business and their financials. They enjoy good reputation in the Indian market and also export to other players in different countries. It is decided to have business with six players as it will help us diversify our risk and help us maintain a steady flow of products from India. These players are from different parts of the country and thus the products served by them would have different designs as India being a vast country has many sub cultures which attract many people worldwide. Technical Analysis Wood carving is a time consuming process as craftsmen take time to make every piece. The process may take a week to months depending upon the level of intricacy in the design. The process use a lot of different tools also like saw, lathes, drills, chain saws etc. Machinery Involved The following machinery would be used by the workers in the business: Chemical treatment plant Seasoning plant Surface planner Grinder Driller Gaze machine Sanding machine Structure and Civil Work Sr.No. Particulars Area (Sq. feet) Amount (British Pounds) 1 Factory shed 1800 6000 2 2 stock room 360 1050 3 Guard room 80 250 4 Power room 80 250 5 Boundary wall 3200 6 Washroom 48 150 5 labour quarters 7 Rooms 120 18000 8 Wash rooms 48 700 9 Office rooms 180 550 10 Fire fittings 600 Total 30750 Labour Requirements Handicraft is a labour intensive product and thus a lot depends on the kind of labour employed. Employees Number Annual Salary (British pounds) Production supervisor 1 25000 Accountant 1 25000 Skilled workers 5 20000 Semi skilled workers 8 16000 Unskilled workers 3 13000 Peon 1 10000 Guard 1 10000 Total 20 119000 Financial Analysis Particulars Land and site development Building Plant and Machinery Other fixed assets Preoperative expenses Preliminary expenses Provision for contigency WC Margin Total Means of Finance Particulars Promoterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s capital Long/Medium term loan from banks Total Basic Assumptions underlying the financial projections The construction period will last one year The company would work 365 days a year The expected capacity utilization will be 60% in first year, 65% in second year and the increment based on past performance. The term loan would be re-paid in 14 equal half-yearly installments. The interest rate on the outstanding term loan would be 12% The bank finance for working capital will cost interest rate 12% The depreciation rates for company law purpose would be Building 3.34% Plant and Machinery 8% Misc fixed assets 5% The suppliers for raw material would provide credit for 15 days The salvage value is assumed to be 5% of fixed assets. Sales Forecast Sales Forecast (units) Year 2010 2011 Units 9500 12000 Conclusion The business plan has been prepared keeping in mind all the factors and taking financials to the best of the present picture. It is therefore expected that the actual outcome would represent the true picture of this outlined plan. Finally, my personal interest in this field will lead to establish my own business. These will result in successful and sustainable business. References Andrews, J.(2009).Handel allinglese, Playbill,. Accessed from: http://www.playbillarts.com/features/article/4236.html (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Barlow, I.( (1991) Metropolitan Government. Accessed from: http:// www.new.wales.co.uk (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Boseley, S (2009). The question: Whats behind the baby boom? The Guardian. Accessed from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/jul/14/familyandrelationships.women (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Garrison, Webb B. (2008).Why You Say It. Accessed from: http://www.readbooksonline.net (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) MacLeod, Donald (2006). Britain second in world research rankings. The Guardian. Accessed from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2006/mar/21/highereducation.uk4 (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Mathias.P (2001). The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain. Accessed from: http://www.johnbirchall-economist.com (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Mathias.P (2001).The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain. Published by: Routledge, ed.2, pp. 56-58 Mensah. J (2006). British culture on a high rise. Robertson, Kirsty (2006), How to Knit an Academic Paper. Queens University, 30 March 2006 Sumption, M.(2010). The UKs new Europeans: Progress and challenges five years after accession. Equality and Human Rights Commission. Accessed from: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010)

Becoming a Teacher: My Philosophy on Education Essay examples -- Teac

Becoming a Teacher: My Philosophy on Education When did education start? Do we still need education to function as a society? How long will public education remain a kindergarten through twelfth grade curriculum? The answers to these questions will vary from person to person, but they will all have one common theme: education will and must go on! Education is the key to a progressing society. Education is the only way that knowledge is passed from generation to generation. In this paper I will explain why I wish to teach, my educational goals, and the philosophy that I will use during my teaching career. Becoming a teacher in today’s society is not the most choice among our society. People tend to demean the profession of teaching in that it does not pay enough money. I have been told that I should not become a teacher for this reason and even considered not becoming a teacher because of the poor pay. Now, I would have to disagree with this precept. Teaching is probably one of the most underpaid careers that one could pick; but for me I believe that the personal satisfaction outweighs the pay. Teachers are not going to have the biggest houses or the most expensive cars, but truthfully I do not strive for those possessions. I believe that teaching requires great skill and professionalism. In order to teach someone, you must know the subject that you are teaching well. The field of education is not for everyone; it takes a special person that has a genuine love for children and can get students motivated to learn. My love for a subject, secondary mathematics, and my natural desire to help others are the reasons that I wish to become a teacher. From th... ...as a philosophy because I believe that a student should have to learn ideas that have lasted over centuries and use the ideas within the classroom. For example, a student should have to use the rules for derivatives in calculus because they have lasted over time. When I become a teacher I hope to incorporate all of these philosophies into my classroom. Teaching is not a profession that today’s society would call a rewarding profession because of the demands and poor salaries. I struggled with not making enough money for a little while, but have since put that behind me. I realize I can change some students’ lives. This is more rewarding than money and will make an impact on my students for years and years to come. I strive to be the best teacher that I can be so that my students will enjoy school and maybe, one day, want to become a teacher too.

The Past, Present and Future of Social Security Essay -- Social Securi

Social Security A Historical View Social security, the federal retirement system, is one of the most popular government programs in United State?s history. Today, Social Security benefits are the backbone of the nation's retirement income system. The long road to the successful development of social security began in 1935. Before 1935, very few workers received job pensions. Those workers that were covered never received benefits because they were not guaranteed. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the original Social Security Act. It comprised of two services: a Social Security retirement benefit that applied only to workers, and a welfare program for the elderly called Old Age Assistance. Social Security benefits were not paid until 1942 to allow for a period of partial forward funding. The retirement benefit service was funded by a two percent tax on the first $3000 of payroll earnings, 1 percent form employers and 1 percent from workers. In 1939, Social Security was amended to include coverage to dependents of workers who died. The payroll tax income was also set aside in a separate trust fund. Social Security gained national commitment in 1950 when the Old Age Assistance program was phased out. Benefits were increased by 77 percent and the payroll tax rate was increased to 6.5 percent on a phased ? in basis. This increment was partly a response to an expansion in private pensions that were being won by unions in collective bargaining agreements. The pensions, usually, served as a supplement to social security benefits. Employers supported Social Security increases because they were considered more economical than private pensions. In order to increase Social Securit... ...bout higher deductibles, reduced benefits, or the probability of a government-run program that many not meet its commitment. The increase in the nation?s savings rate would not only benefit retirees, but would strengthen the economy. Savings would be invested privately, which would create new businesses and jobs. Bibliography Cambetas, Daniela. The Economic Reality of Social Security. Social Security. 25 Aug. 2007. Conover, Pat. ?A Concise History of Social Security.? 20 July 2001. 25 July 2007. http://www.ucc.org/justice/ss/history.htm. Social Security Online. 25 July 2007. . Social Security: The Perspectives in Detail. Public Agenda Online. 8 Aug. 2007. http://www.publicagenda.org/issues/debate_detail2.cfm?issue_type=ss. The Past, Present and Future of Social Security Essay -- Social Securi Social Security A Historical View Social security, the federal retirement system, is one of the most popular government programs in United State?s history. Today, Social Security benefits are the backbone of the nation's retirement income system. The long road to the successful development of social security began in 1935. Before 1935, very few workers received job pensions. Those workers that were covered never received benefits because they were not guaranteed. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the original Social Security Act. It comprised of two services: a Social Security retirement benefit that applied only to workers, and a welfare program for the elderly called Old Age Assistance. Social Security benefits were not paid until 1942 to allow for a period of partial forward funding. The retirement benefit service was funded by a two percent tax on the first $3000 of payroll earnings, 1 percent form employers and 1 percent from workers. In 1939, Social Security was amended to include coverage to dependents of workers who died. The payroll tax income was also set aside in a separate trust fund. Social Security gained national commitment in 1950 when the Old Age Assistance program was phased out. Benefits were increased by 77 percent and the payroll tax rate was increased to 6.5 percent on a phased ? in basis. This increment was partly a response to an expansion in private pensions that were being won by unions in collective bargaining agreements. The pensions, usually, served as a supplement to social security benefits. Employers supported Social Security increases because they were considered more economical than private pensions. In order to increase Social Securit... ...bout higher deductibles, reduced benefits, or the probability of a government-run program that many not meet its commitment. The increase in the nation?s savings rate would not only benefit retirees, but would strengthen the economy. Savings would be invested privately, which would create new businesses and jobs. Bibliography Cambetas, Daniela. The Economic Reality of Social Security. Social Security. 25 Aug. 2007. Conover, Pat. ?A Concise History of Social Security.? 20 July 2001. 25 July 2007. http://www.ucc.org/justice/ss/history.htm. Social Security Online. 25 July 2007. . Social Security: The Perspectives in Detail. Public Agenda Online. 8 Aug. 2007. http://www.publicagenda.org/issues/debate_detail2.cfm?issue_type=ss.

Effecting communication and information Essay

Recruitment and Retention Process and Documentation WHSmith was established in 1792 by a man named Henry Walton Smith, and his wife Anna, but was established under the name H W Smith. After their deaths, the business was passed on to their two sons; Henry Edward, and William Henry Smith. The business was renamed to WHSmith as William was the older of the two and he was the more able businessman. WHSmith today, as one of the biggest retail groups in the UK, it is made up of two core businesses; high street retail, and travel retail. They have approximately 17,000 employees working in either of the 543 High Street stores or the 129 Travel stores in the UK. The manner in which a person is employed within WHSmith would obviously have to start with a job opening. This opening can be due to one of many reasons. For example: If a new store is opened or if someone has left his or her job. From there on, the steps taken would start off with WHSmith’s Human Resources Department making a job specification, which consists of the job details. Here is an example of a job specification for an opening at WHSmith as an assistant manager: Job Specification Vacancy Role Title: Assistant Manager London (North/South/East/West) Role Level: Assistant Manager Region: London Location: London Salary: i 17,000 – i 23,000 Details: You will be required to work six days a week. In your role as assistant manager, it will be your duty to assist the retail manager in his day-to-day work. This job is very demanding and you never know, it may be the just the job for you. In a position as assistant manager, you will be given two weeks paid holiday a year. Person Specification: Role: We are looking for a good team player, with proven retail management experience, good communication, a target driven approach plus the ambition and potential to succeed. The Assistant Manager is responsible for achieving store sales targets by leading, motivating and developing the store team to achieve sales targets and customer service standards and to support the Store Manager. The next step would be for them to produce a person specification, which outlines the type of person they are looking for (for example: qualifications, previous experience etc. ). WHSmith would then plan on advertising the job in a number of different places so as to attract attention towards the job opening. Advertisement is very costly and it would be in the best interests of WHSmith to get the job details and specifications absolutely spot on. Once all of this information has been gathered, it is then advertised in a number of places (i. e. the internet, job centre etc. ). WHSmith have recently started to recruit online with an Internet based job recruiting process. The next step involves people applying for that specific job by providing their relevant documents, which will then be analysed by WHSmith’s Human Resources department. Applicants are then short-listed and a number of the applicants are selected. I have provided a WHSmith job application form with my assignment. The selected applicants will then be asked to provide references from two or more reliable sources. These would be from people like previous employers and former educational teachers. Those who are selected as people who seem like suitable candidates for the job will then be invited for a formal interview at a WHSmith. A senior member of staff would usually carry out this interview. The data that is derived from the interview is then analysed and compared to the prepared person specification. After a long, time-consuming process, and a lot of money being spent, the successful candidate is then offered the job. In the case of WHSmith and the job specification I have given, this candidate would have to have previous experience in a retail management position, and would basically be the person that they see as the best man/woman for the job. P2 Employability, Personal and Communication Skills Assistant Manager Role â€Å"The Assistant Manager is responsible for achieving store sales targets by leading, motivating and developing the store team to achieve sales targets and customer service standards and to support the Store Manager. † The job role is related to the Person Specification. Person Specification The person specification asks for someone with the following traits: â€Å"We are looking for a good team player, with proven retail management experience, good communication, a target driven approach plus the ambition and potential to succeed. † These skills are all placed on the person specification for a reason. The Personal Skills outlined here are:   Someone who is a team player – An assistant manager will be required to work with the manager as part of a team. They also have to be a team leader, as outlined in the job role.   Someone with a target driven approach – In a high position like this, it is necessary that an assistant manager knows how to tackle set targets and that they approach these targets whole-heartedly.   Someone with the ambition and potential to succeed – If an assistant manager does not wish to progress, then they will not give the job their full attention. It is better that they want to, and are able to succeed so that they can have a positive impact on the business. It is also their job to motivate the store team and it would be hard to do so if he/she wasn’t motivated him/herself. The Employability skills outlined here are:   Someone with proven retail management experience – It is absolutely vital that someone who wants to work as an assistant manager, has some previous experience managing a store or people, and was good at doing so. The Communication skills outlined here are:  Someone with good communication – It is essential that, as an assistant manager, you are able to communicate well. This is due to the fact that an assistant manager is required to ‘communicate’ messages to both the manager, and the store team. P3 Electronic and Non-Electronic methods for communicating business information There are many different methods of communication. These can be divided into two different categories: Electronic (non-written), and Non-Electronic (written). Methods of communication that would come under Written Communication would be things like:   SMS (Text Message) Methods of communications that would come under Electronic Communication would be things along the lines of: Meetings Both Written Communication and Electronic Communication have their advantages. These advantages differ depending on the audience which is being addressed. The recipient is very important when it comes to the type of communication that is being used. Within The Organisation Within the organisation the methods of communication that I would use would be things like: Meetings – In an organisation, it is inevitable that there will be meetings held. These are usually used to discuss improvement, the current status of the organisation, and to get staff to contribute their ideas. Customers These are the methods of communication that I would use to communicate with the customers: Publicity Materials – To tell the truth, this is an obvious one really. The way to get customers is through publicity. If your organisation is a well known one, it is more likely to prosper.   Advertisements – In my opinion, advertisements should be used by all major and even small organisations. These should outline things like services provided and special offers to attract more customers. Suppliers Here are some of the methods of communications I would use to communicate with suppliers of goods etc. :   Letters – These are a great way of communicating and people have been using them for centuries. I would use letters to communicate with suppliers because it is not a long time consuming method of communicating. You just write what you need to say, put it in an envelope, post it, and the recipient gets it the next day! Easy Peasy! * Telephone – This is one of the simplest, most direct ways of communicating with people today. Talking with suppliers on the telephone would mean that all of the business involving matters like deliveries, times, amounts, and other things can all be sorted out in a matter of minutes. P4 Sources of Information External Source. This information is external (outside of the business) information that I have taken from the BBC website. Here is the link, as evidence of information: http://newsvote. bbc. co. uk/1/shared/fds/hi/business/market_data/shares/3/23473/twelve_month. stm I have provided information on WHSmith’s share prices. From this graph we can see the rise and fall in WHSmith’s share price value in the year 2007. The current (exact) value of their shares on the 13th of December 2007 at 14:22 is i 324. 75. We can see that the peak of their share value this year was in March. The lowest point was in late November. Internal Source This information is internal (within the business) information that I have taken from WHSmith’s Annual report. Here is the link, as evidence of information: http://www. whsmithplc. com/grp/WHSPLC-IR-AR07. pdf I have provided information on WHSmith’s Profits for the years 2006 and 2007. From this information we can see the increase in profits and the percentage increase. Year 2006 2007 Increase in Profit Percentage Increase Profit i m (Before Tax) i 51 i 66 i 15 29. 41% We can see that their profit for the year 2006 was i 51million, the profit for the year 2007 was i 66million, the increase in profit was i 15million, and the percentage increase is 29. 41%. Here is a column graph showing the information. Secondary Source Secondary information is information that I will be using. This information is already in existence, but has been gathered by other people, and not myself. I will be using information from WHSmith’s annual report. This information was gathered by WHSmith, within the corporation. Here is the link as evidence of information: http://www. whsmithplc.com/grp/WHSPLC-IR-AR07. pdf I have provided information on WHSmith’s Carbon Emissions for the last five years. From this we can see the increases and decreases in Carbon Emissions. Year 2002/3 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 Carbon Dioxide Emissions (kg) 0. 9 0. 76 0. 82 0. 79 0. 71 We can see that, in the period 2002/3, their Emissions were very high. In the period 2003/4, these Emissions are reduced significantly. In the period 2004/5, these Emissions are increased, and in 2005/6 they are again decreased. In the period 2006/7, these Emissions are decreased furthermore. We can see that WHSmith have successfully reduced their Carbon Emissions. P5 Presentation of information I have been asked to present the data aquired in three different methods. Here is the Share Price information presented in a line graph: Profit i million (before tax) I will be using a column graph and a line graph to present this information. Column Graph Line Graph Carbon Dioxide Emissions I will be using a column graph and a line graph to present this information. Column Graph Line Graph I will now be using a power point presentation to present all of this information.