Term paper. book; churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War Paper

. book; churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War - Term Paper Example In his book the Gathering Storm, Sir Winston Churchill draws on the various failures of the Allies in the aftermath of the First World War that allowed events to lead to the Second World War. Sir Winston lays the blame of these failures at the doors of the United States of America, by its refusal to take an active role in the League of Nations, which prevented the allies being more forceful in resisting Hitler and his expansion plans prior to the start of the Second World War. Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War is Pat Buchanan’s riposte to this charge of Sir Winston Churchill. Pat Buchanan argues that the real culprit is Britain and Sir Winston Churchill, and their blunders that led to the Second World War. He buttresses this argument citing examples that start with the British decision to go to war with Germany in the event of an attack on France by Germany in 1906; abetting the Treaty of Versailles, whose terms were so denigrating to the Germans that it became possible for Hitler to rise to power; Winston Churchill’s role in the acceptance of American pressure to isolate Japan, leading to her entry into the war; sanctions against Italy in 1935 that led to Italy becoming a partner of Germany; the unasked for war guarantee to Poland in the case of an attack by Germany; and the blindness of Sir Winston Churchill to the actual ambitions of Stalin and Russia.

A Review Of The Novel Alias Grace English Literature Essay

A Review Of The Novel Alias Grace English Literature Essay Grace Marks is one of the two accused for the murders of her employer, Mr. Kinnear and his housewife, Nancy. She was sentenced to life imprisonment. Initially she claims that she does not remember what happened at the scene of the crime. Grace is introverted and carefully chooses what she says so that she does not reveal much information about herself. After Dr. Jordan comes, she opens up a little and tells him her tough childhood and what she remembers about the murders. By the end of the novel, Grace is pardoned, marries her lover, Jamie Dr. Simon Jordan is the physician that is to analyze Grace. He is interested in her circumstances and wants to use what he knows about psychology to pry as much information from her as possible so that it can be determined whether or not she really is suffering from amnesia. After entering in a relationship with Mrs. Humphrey, his landlady, and the results of Graces hypnotism, Dr. Jordan becomes disillusioned. He is unable to come to a conclusion and in the end just returns to Europe. Mary Whitney is a girl about Graces age who also worked for Mrs. Parkinson. Mary is more experienced with worldly matters and thus becomes sort of like a mentor to Grace. It is through Mary that Grace is able to find family. They are like sisters and become close to each other. She has an affair with Mr. George that ends up in a pregnancy and a failed abortion that takes away her life. Grace seems to care more for Mary than her own mother because when her mom died, she thought twice about using the sheet to cover her. On the other hand, Grace uses her money to provide the best possible funeral for her friend. Supposedly, the spirit of Mary resides in Grace and will come out during hypnotism. Nancy Montgomery is the housemaid of Mr. Thomas Kinnear. When she is first introduced, she is looking for extra help. She is not as welcoming or friendly as Graces last employer, Mrs. Parkinson. She feels as though she is superior to Grace. Nancy has an affair with Kinnear and gets jealous of Kinnear when he starts lusting for Grace. She is later found in the cellar, strangled and her throat cut. 4. Conflicts: One major conflict in the novel is determining Graces innocence and also her identity. Much of the book is concerned about Grace giving the readers background information about herself and her version of what happened during the time of the murders The conflict never gets resolved because Dr. Jordan never comes to a conclusion and just abandons his all of his findings. He does not know what to think after he witnesses the spirit of Mary Whitney possess Graces body. Atwood gives you all of many small pieces and it is up to readers to put everything together and then decide whether or not Grace is guilty or not 5. Opening chapter or scene: Alias Grace opens with a dream about Nancy, a dream that also occurs again later on in the novel. The year is 1851 and Grace is twenty-four years old. She has been in prison ever since she was sixteen. She tries to be the model prisoner even though life in the penitentiary is described as tough. She tells this dream to Dr. Jordan when they arrive at the part of the story. In the next section is a little poem that gives a quick but somewhat inaccurate summary of what has already happened before the novel started. The opening gives some background information about Graces life and also foreshadows many events. 6. Plot: Grace has been kept at the Kingston Penitentiary when Dr. Jordan comes and performs his project with Grace, the inciting incident After Graces initial reluctance to participate with Dr. Jordan ends, the rising action occurs when Grace relates her past to him. She is an immigrant from Ireland to Canada and suffers from a dysfunctional and poverty-stricken family. Life was hard for her because her father was worthless. She was able to find a job as a housekeeper. While working, she befriends Mary Whitney. She is traumatized when Mary dies because of an unsuccessful abortion and quits her job. She takes up another job with Nancy Montgomery, who works at the Kinnear estate She also meets James McDermott, another worker under Mr. Kinnear. Nancy and Mr. Kinnear seem to have a relationship together but now Kinnear is paying more attention to Grace. James thinks that Nancy and Kinnear should be killed. Grace then tells Dr. Jordan that James kills them both and then faints when James threatens her. When she awakens, James says that she must keep her part of the deal which implied that she was to go to bed with him. Grace tries to put him off and persuades him to escape to Toronto but they soon get captured. In the climax, Dr. Dupont hypnotizes Graces but instead a spirit comes out saying that she is not Grace but Mary Whitney. When the trance is broken, Grace comes back but does not remember what happened during the hypnosis. 7. Conclusion: In the novels falling action and conclusion, a disoriented and confused Dr. Jordan ceases his investigations and returns back to Europe Grace is pardoned and released from the penitentiary at the age of forty-five. She ends up marrying her childhood lover, Jaime Walsh and soon gets pregnant. The novel ends with a passage about how Grace will quilt the Tree of Paradise. She will interweave Marys petticoat, her prison nightdress, and Nancys dress altogether. The ending was only somewhat appropriate because it did not really feel as if he flowed with the rest of the story, that it did not belong there. It just seems attached on. 8. Themes: One theme of the novel is gender and feminism in the nineteenth century. Women back then were supposed to act a certain way. They were to be submissive and modest with the men dominating. Women were also thought to be more petite and moral. This may be a reason why James was executed and why Grace was only sent to prison. Another theme of the novel is that of sexuality. This theme seems to be a big driving force in the story. Mary Whitney gets involved in a sexual affair that has big repercussions. While in prison Grace must deal with the verbal abuse and sexual advances of the guards. Grace is accused of having a sexual encounter with Jamie in the orchard. Also when Mrs. Humphreys husband leaves her, she turns to a sexual relationship with Dr. Jordan for comfort. Dr. Jordan, on the other hand has fantasies of Miss Lydia and even Grace. Both Mr. Kinnear and James lust after Grace. Kinnear and Nancy have an affair too. Either way, sexuality plays an important role in the novel. 9. Symbols/Archetypes: One big symbol is that of the quilt. There is both a physical quilt, the one that Grace is working on, and a mental quilt. Each time Dr. Jordan examines Grace, it seems if as though another piece of Graces life and identity are sewed onto a quilt. All of the little intricate bits and memories are stitched together make up the whole quilt and there are also different ways to look at and interpret quilts. In addition, the title of each chapter is a name of a real quilting design. Another symbol may be that apples. They could symbolize the truth and knowledge. It could also represent the apple in the Garden of Eden. Grace could symbolize Eve, who was manipulated by something evil and then was punished for it. 10. Parallel events/parallel works: Alias Grace is similar to the story of the Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gillman. Both works of literature were about psychiatric care. Women were the protagonist in both stories. Also both women were isolated from other people, one in an asylum, another in a lonely room. The dream that Grace describes in the opening chapter makes another appearance in the middle of the novel. In it, Grace sees Nancy with blood all over her face. Alias Grace is the retelling of the real story of Grace Marks. It is a historical fiction novel though, so some aspects such as the character of Dr. Simon Jordan are made up. 11. Style: Atwood rarely uses quotations in this novel. This makes the text more confusing as to who is talking and thinking which thoughts. This does emphasize the ambiguity of Graces life and her account of the murders In addition to the lack of punctuation, Grace also uses the word could very often. This makes it seems like she is making up some of the details, that what she says is conditional The story is presented from the point of view of Graces At the beginning of each chapter, Atwood uses a real historical article and/or a quote that describes something about Grace to introduce the next section. To highlight the quilt theme, Atwood also names each chapter after a genuine quilting pattern and even provides a small picture of the design. 12. Significant lines: I would rather be a murderess than a murderer, if those are the only choices (23) showing feminist attitudes like passing through the gates of Hell and into Paradise (447) when she left the penitentiary and went off into the real world and that is the same with all quilts, you can see them two different ways, by looking at the dark pieces, or else the light (162) there are always more than one way to look at things in life and everything has a dark and light side Murderess is a strong word to have attached to you (27) she has a label attached to her and it makes her think a certain way And so we will all be together (460) the last line of the novel, Grace will all of the remnants of her past onto one quilt so that she can look at it and move on

Paul Cronan Analysis :: essays research papers

A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relevant Dates and Facts a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1973 – Paul Cronan hired by New England Telephone (NET) straight from high school. He began working as a file clerk. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1983 – Cronan was promoted to Service Technician. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January to June 1985 – Cronan was ill at various times, having symptoms of AIDS-related complex (ARC). d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 1985 – Cronan was denied permission to leave work for a medical appointment by his supervisor, Charles O’Brian. O’Brian had given permission on two other occasions, but refused this third time unless Cronan revealed the reason for the appointment. Cronan told O’Brian of his condition only after O’Brian promised the information would be held in confidence. O’Brian excused Cronan for his medical appointment. The next day, Cronan was required to see a company doctor who examined him for 10 minutes. Several days after the appointment, a co-worker phoned Cronan to say that she had heard Cronan was infected with AIDS. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 10, 1985 – Cronan began receiving departmental sickness benefits after phoning his supervisor and requesting medical leave. One week later, Cronan began receiving company paid illness benefits. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 21, 1985 – Cronan’s personal physician provided a medical certificate stating that Cronan was disabled for 3 months. This certificate was renewed and extended for one year. g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the summer of Cronan’s absence, graffiti was written on the bathroom walls at work. h.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  August 1985 – NET department heads from Personnel, Labor Relations, and Medical began meeting to talk about the potential impact of AIDS on the company and its workforce. O’Brian is replaced by Griffin as Cronan’s supervisor. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  September 13, 1985 – Cronan diagnosed with AIDS. j.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  September 16, 1985 – NET announces new corporate AIDS policy. k.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 1985 – Cronan, with the help of the Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts, files a lawsuit in state court against NET. He charges that NET violated state privacy laws and discrimination. l.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January 1986 – NET tries to have the case moved to federal court. m.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 10, 1986 – Cronan’s illness benefits run out and NET puts him on disability which equals 50% of his wages. n.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  October 16, 1986 – Cronan and NET reach an out of court settlement where by Cronan is able to return to work and he receives a transfer. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critical Issues a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Privacy – Cronan’s right to privacy may have been violated when his supervisor revealed his medical information to management other than O’Brian’s immediate supervisor. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discrimination – Cronan may have been discriminated against by his dismissal when his medical benefits had run their course.

Globalization and State Power Essay

As a relatively new concept in the context of social sciences, globalization is the considerably the universal tool that embodies sets of processes that connect societies thus fragmenting and transcending the social structure it confronts (Krieger, 2005). The state then serves as an indispensable institution under practically all projected contingencies, but does countenance new and influential challenges to its foundational mandates mandates. The multifarious debates on globalization has increasingly centered on the relation of the nation-state to economic schemas. Although such connotation is gradually misbranded in rationale, either the nation-state or the inter-state classification is seen retaining its primacy as the axis of international relations and world development. The coining of â€Å"strong state,† is it perceived that the state, having been considered as the bridge of globalization in a dualist construct that posits separate logics for an expanding economy and political system (Williams, 2002). In the international community, it can be observed that the states, leaders, or other individuals who have the power in the international community has a large influence, either deliberate or unintentional, over the decision of other states, leaders or other individuals. The affairs of every single nation can be noted as unique in many ways (Patterson, 2000). Direct intervention from external elements such as the other states may very well diminish the sovereignty of a nation over its own territory. This is to say that every nation has a primordial reign over its own domain which guarantees—or ought to guarantee—the idea that the state is supreme in terms of power in its own land (Kacowicz, 1993). But what happens to this power in the context of a large international community with varying degrees of capabilities, resources and, ultimately, political power? Analysis on the social-spatial distinction and power of globalization The socio-spatial distinction and power of globalization, which at hand is then inherited to the state, is apparently what makes globalization not only a tool for reaching almost all the corners of the globe, but including the long-term series effects which shall surface. Consequently, how the state responds when globalization is escalating will have a noteworthy impact on its capability to retort when globalization falters. Since the state possess both governmental and corporate power, scholars point out the fact that corporate capitalism is the blood that keeps holds all nations and binds them up together despite the issue of diversity. Thus, it is through the philosophy of social justice that these factors are evaluated. Synthesis on the role of a state in the context of globalization The sources of power in international relations can then be presumed to result primarily from the resources of the state or leader. These resources need not essentially correspond to financial resources for there are many other resources that can empower a state or a leader in international affairs. One of these resources is manpower which China and India can be noted as wealthy of. How does manpower become a source of power in international relations? The answer can be traced from the presumption that more people means more hands capable of contributing to the workforce. Although the industrial revolution and information and communications technology have radically altered the demand for manpower, it can be observed that the expansion of industries and technology further required additional manpower. With states such as China and India a cut above the rest in terms of manpower, the amount of industrial production from within the state relatively becomes higher than those states with very minimal workforce. And while a healthy local industry boosts a state’s economy, sending manpower to foreign countries further amplifies the possibility of expanding the gross income of the nation (Krieger, 2005). For the most part, a financially wealthy nation has more purchasing power in many ways which gives it the capacity to take control over resources and manipulate them according to the interest of the state (Williams, 2002). The geography of a certain state also gives it power, specifically strategic power, in wielding a dominant force not only in terms of military affairs but also in terms of commerce and trade or economic progress. For the most part, a state which is situated within the perimeter of an adjacent state is expected to have a form of trade relations (Krieger, 2005). Communication also becomes inevitable between these adjacent states since borders separating them become diminished through wireless communication. For instance, a nation such as Italy surrounded by neighboring states is very much alive in terms of trade and commerce, giving it the economic power in contrast to ‘isolated’ states (Williams, 2002). Conclusions and further remarks To presume that the definition of power is a not static concept is to presume that the essence of power changes such that at one point it may refer to competence to manage and manipulate resources in harmony to the interest of the state or of leaders. On another point, it may not refer to the opposite such as the competence of the lower class or of the members of the state to yield and manipulate resources. Yet this presumption is misleading for the reason that the parallels of both instances are masked by the idea that leaders does not include the larger members of the state or that the members of the state do not include the leaders of the state. Clearly, how the state responds to globalization depicts its power and capabilities. References Kacowicz, A. M. (1993).Teaching International Relations in a Changing World: Four Approaches. Political Science and Politics, 26(1), 76-80. Krieger, J. (2005) Globalization and State Power: A Reader. New Jersey: Longman. Patterson, A. S. (2000). It’s a Small World: Incorporating Service Learning into International Relations Courses. Political Science and Politics, 33(4), 817-822. Williams, J. (2002). Kill ’em All’: The American Military in Korea. Retrieved January 21, 2008, from http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/korea_usa_01. shtml

Dramatic Literature Essay

In the realist drama â€Å"A Doll House†, Ibsen effectively employs dramatic conventions to expose the flawed value system of the bourgeoisie, regarding the institutions of marriage, prejudice gender roles and personal integrity. Moreover, the dramatic tension on the play is heightened through Ibsen’s subversion of the well-made play and the melodramatic denouement at the beginning of each act. In essence, Ibsen satirises the stifling moral climate of the bourgeoisie in conditioning an individual’s identity, in the pursuit for self-determinism. The imposition of prejudice gender roles are brought to life through the doll house metaphor, illuminating the entrapment of the bourgeoisie. Metaphorically, the doll house is a moral safeguard for values of social determinism, which Ibsen exposes the limitations of external forces in conditioning Nora’s existence as a doll. Her internalisation of the pre-determined housewife role and Torvald’s internalisatio n of the patriarch role maintains the illusory deception of the doll house. Nora’s objectification is enforced through Torvald’s gendered language, â€Å"my songbird†, â€Å"lark† and squirrel† and the diction of â€Å"my† connotes Torvald’s ownership of Nora in their superficial marriage. Simultaneously, Torvald’s strict adherence to patriarchal ideologies, limits his capacity to empathise with Nora’s cry for emancipation, evident in the subtext â€Å"give me pennies of my own†. Essentially, Ibsen successfully adopts the doll house metaphor to attack the mores of patriarchy, which forces Nora to compromise her identity and freedom to rigid social ideologies. The superficial institutions of marriage disfigure one’s sense of personal identity, justifying Nora’s cry for liberation from patriarchal ideologies which disempower women of her time. The combination of the stage direction â€Å"wagging his finger† and the patronising tone â€Å"was little Ms Sweet Tooth naughty?† showcases the detriments of social oppression in limiting one’s ability to undergo self-actualisation. The diction â€Å"little† connotes Nora’s submission to Torvald’s internalisation of dominant ideologies, mirroring the dis empowerment of women in the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the symbolic Tarantella dress reflects Torvald’s idealised perception of Nora as his â€Å"pretty little thing†, reiterating Nora’s objectification. The power imbalance within the Helmer marriage justifies Nora’s deceit, evident in the dramatic irony â€Å"I wouldn’t do anything you’d disapprove of†. This notion is juxtaposed with Nora’s statement â€Å"I saved Torvald’s life [by] signing my  father’s name [and] got the money†. Nora’s deception subverts Torvald’s strict adherence to the imposed social ideologies, which Kristine echoes these patriarchal sentiments, â€Å"a wife cannot borrow money without her husband’s permission†. The conflict of gender limitations drives the tragic force of the play in Act 1, ending at a climactic moment to heighten the tension in Act 2. In essence, Ibsen successfully generates a greater degree of empathy for Nora, as he mirrors the d isempowerment of the social and economic limitations of women in the bourgeoisie. Ibsen’s rich exploration of the bourgeoisie, inevitably results in Nora’s detachment from her doll metaphor. Kristine and Krogstad function as catalysts for Nora’s transformation, through illuminating the truth of the Helmer marriage, â€Å"no more lies, tricks†¦ they must understand each other†. While Krogstad initiates the tragic force of the play through his symbolic letter in Act 2. Ibsen establishes the juxtaposition of the authentic relationship of Krogstad and Kristine to the superficiality of the Helmer marriage, compelling Nora to transcend the limitations of the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the parallel of Nora and Krogstad subverts the values of social determinism, as Krogstad elevates himself through the social hierarchy despite being deemed â€Å"morally sick†. Essentially, an unexpected union of the two derives from a compromised understanding, as both characters are criminalised for their acts of personal integrity. Thereby, Ibsen invites the audience to evaluate their personal values, emphasising the importance of self-determinism overriding social confor mity. Ibsen exposes the flawed value system of the bourgeoisie, and forewarns of the detriments of an individual’s life being overridden by social morality. The dramatic irony of the Tarantella dance â€Å"anyone’d think your life depended on this dance† and Nora’s statement â€Å"31 hours to live† foreshadows the impending death of Nora’s doll metaphor. This is further accentuated through Finney’s statement of Nora’s cry for emancipation from the Tarantella dance, evident in â€Å"she returns from her frenzied state, back to the role of a wife and mother, only as a springboard from which to emancipate herself.† Moreover, Nora evolves from a doll identity in Act 1, evident in Rosenburg’s claims â€Å"Ibsen began with a maltreated stuffed Nora doll† to an awakened woman in Act 3. Her transformation demolishes the artificial foundations of the doll house, thus revealing the harsh winter landscape, embodying reality. Therefore, it is  best â€Å"to go out into the real world, and discover the truth for [herself] and [her] values†. Moreover, Ibsen’s subversion of the well-made play is evident in the final scene of the play, where Nora â€Å"slams the door† and leaves the audience with a climactic ending. Ibsen juxtaposes the beginning and final scene of the play to showcase the disparity of Nora’s transition throughout the play. Her first appearance connotes her disempowerment in the bourgeoisie lifestyle, which is then contrasted to the final scene, where she â€Å"puts on the cloak and turns on the lights†. The illumination of the truth compels Nora to extricate herself from the illusory deception of the door house, thus abandoning the false union of her superficial marriage and burden of motherhood. In essence, Nora is virtually unrecognisable by the end of Act 3, as Ibsen courageously abandons the doll metaphor, thus emphasising the importance transcending social limitations to maintain an identity. Mirroring Austen’s social satire â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, Weldon grapples with the significance of context and questions of values in her didactic epistolary novel â€Å"Letters to Alice†. Moreover, both composers utilise form as a vehicle to socially critique their contemporaries, thus reinforcing the didactic purpose of invoking ideological change. This is achieved through the examination of the institutions of marriage, moral education, Literature, prejudice gender roles and social stratification. Weldon examines Austen’s social satire in exploring the changing facets of marriage, thus reshaping our perception of the connection that links the 18th century marriage customs to that of the modern martial practices. The contextualisation of a Georgian woman emphasises the gender injustices prevalent in the 18th century Regency England. Moreover, marriage was depicted as a social contract for economic survival, evident in Charlotte’s pragmatic char acterisation, who married Mr Collins out of practicality rather than â€Å"general similarity of feelings and taste†. Mrs Bennet also reinforces these sentiments, as the â€Å"business of her life was to get her daughters married†, therefore, Mrs Bennet and Charlotte’s strict adherence to social conventions of marriage reinforces its idealistic prospect of being the â€Å"only honourable provision†. Weldon justifies the Georgian woman’s outlook of marriage through the statistics â€Å"only 30% of women married† and  asserts Alice â€Å"you must understand the world in which Austen was born in†. Thereby, the modern audience is able to grapple with the significance assigned to marriage in Austen’s world, through Weldon’s insight. In essence, Austen satirises the flawed value system regarding the institutions of marriage through her adoption of caricatures and irony. Weldon acts as a facilitator for the modern audience to gain a holistic understanding of â€Å"P+P†, through her examination of the gender injustices prevalent in Austen†™s era. Patriarchy prevailed in the 18th century, meaning life was founded on the basis of marriage, as women were limited to the narrow confines of work, â€Å"women’s trade – millinery, embroidery, prostitution†¦ or you could get married†. Weldon’s satirical comment reveals the prejudice gender roles in disempowerment women in the 18th century, thus asserting â€Å"it was a horrible time to be alive†. This is further accentuated through Charlotte’s pragmatism, who â€Å"does not think highly of men or matrimony† and â€Å"sacrifices every feeling of worldly advantage† to accepting Mr Collin’s marriage proposal for financial security and social elevation. Moreover, Weldon’s satirical comment juxtaposed the perceptions of marriage in the 18th century to that of the modern context, â€Å"the stuff in our women’s magazine, but it was the stuff of their life†. The elevation of gender roles in the modern context emphasises the adversities women faced in Austen’s world, and this is achieved through the contrast of character foils Elizabeth and Charlotte. In essence, Weldon positions the audience to gain an appreciation for the transformation of gender roles in changing contexts, empowering women to become great contributors to society. Weldon’s hybridity employs Aunt Faye as a mouthpiece to examine the institutions of Literature in â€Å"P+P† and â€Å"LTA†. The emphasis of Literature’s value in society is evident in the hyperbole â€Å"very essence of civilisation†. According to Weldon’s didacticism, Literature should not be deemed as â€Å"just books†, as it embodies complex and dynamic concepts of the human condition. In essence, Weldon refers to Literature with a â€Å"capital L† and books by the sophistication of their characters, whose struggles in their fictional lives resonate to our own. Moreover, the use of imperatives â€Å"you must read Alice, before it is too late† reinforces Weldon’s didactic purpose of Literature catalysing self-actualisation. Compar ably, an accomplished Georgian woman â€Å"has a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing and dancing†. Austen however  satirises this limited perception of â€Å"good education† as it is â€Å"ineffectual† to foster independence and intelligence in women. Lady Catherine’s patronising tone in addressing Elizabeth as an â€Å"unfeeling, selfish girl† demonstrates her lack of moral education despite her aristocratic stature. It is Elizabeth however, who epitomises â€Å"good education† with her wit and independence, thus undergoing self-awakening, â€Å"til this moment I never knew myself†. In contrast, Weldon employs the extended metaphor of the â€Å"City of Invention† to promote connections, where writers can â€Å"cohabit and collaborate† with their â€Å"Houses of Imagination†. Moreover, our â€Å"carvings† on the â€Å"Rock of Eternity† symbolises our shared experiences and values, linking the past, present and future together. Thus, Weldon invites the audience to reach out to posterity, much like Austen through her canonical Literature. The â€Å"City† also enables connections between reader and writer, for us to â€Å"understand ourselves and each other†, thus gaining empathy through Literature. Weldon’s re-examination of â€Å"P+P† showcases the fundamental values predominant in classic texts, thus transcending their era of composition, and emphasising the importance of Literature in catalysing one’s sense of spiritual awakening. The underlying value prevalent in both texts of social stratification is enhanced by the contextualisation of fundamental values in both texts. Austen asserts the stability and order enforced through conformity to rigid social class structures, and family being a primary factor to determining one’s social standing, and consequently one’s chance of marriage. This is evident in Lady Catherine’s caricature, as she forewarns of the detriments of an individual’s subversion of the social class system, â€Å"you’ll be slighted and despised†¦ your alliance will be a disgrace†. Simultaneously, Austen introduces the unorthodox union of Darcy and Elizabeth to challenge the social class system because their relationship is founded on mutual respect and compatibility, thus invoking a positive change in the rigid social structure. Weldon accounts for Darcy’s decision â€Å"to marry where he loved, and not where he ought†, as Elizabeth â€Å"brought neither land nor money – but she brought vigour, intelligence and honesty†. In essence, Austen exposes the superficiality of the institutions of social stratification, and emphasises the importance of personal integrity overriding social morality. Shakespeare’s adaptation of Plutarch’s histories â€Å"Julius Caesar† utilises tragic form to exhibit the subjective nature of conflicting perspectives. Moreover, the linguistic techniques elicited through the power play of orations subvert the audience’s views of personalities, events and situations. Shakespeare presents multitude perspectives to explore the power vacuum and political machinations prevalent in Elizabethan England. In essence, the audience is positioned to accept the ambiguity of conflicting perspectives, through Shakespeare’s exploration of the volatility and temporary nature of power, political imperatives and the validity of truth. Similarly, Buttrose’s feature article â€Å"Et tu Julia† employs â€Å"Julius Caesar† as a historical framework to explore the dynamics of politics and represent the subjectivity of conflicting perspectives. Thereby, Buttrose grapples with the tension between the drive for altruistic and political imperatives, thus leading to the audience’s questioning of Gillard’s legitimacy as PM. Shakespeare’s construction of conflicting portraitures forewarns of the dangers of political machination superseding one’s capacity for objectivity and â€Å"truth†. Mirroring the political machinations of Elizabethan England, Shakespeare explores the dynamics of political imperatives at the expense of Brutus’ honour. Caesar’s deification â€Å"as constant as the northern star† and repetition of third person accentuates his hubris, through the establishment of the artificial distance between himself and his mortality. Through various representations, Shakespeare illuminates the fallacy inherent in Caesar’s noble character, leading to his tragic demise, thus revealing the fragility of power. The audience is able to recognise Caesar’s vulnerability through the act of political machination of Cassius compelling Brutus to conspire against Caesar, â€Å"as crowned, how that might change his nature†. Shakespeare’s juxtaposition of Caesar’s thrasonical assertions opposed to Cassius’ anecdotes of Caesar’s fragility â€Å"help me Cassius, or I sink† generates polarised perspectives of Caesar’s personality. Moreover, the combination of the extended metaphor â€Å"ambition’s ladder’ and the biblical allusion of â€Å"serpent’s egg†¦ if hatch’d would grow mischievous†, leads to the audience’s questioning of Caesar’s ambition. Ultimately, this robs Brutus of his foresight, compelling him to ext ricate the satanic creature to prevent a potentially despotic reign, ironically defying the natural order. Essentially, Shakespeare explores the dynamics of political machinations  overriding one’s noble perspective, thus stimulating conflicting ideologies in questions of â€Å"truth†. Simultaneously, Buttrose’s intertextuality â€Å"Et tu Julia† examines the justification of Gillard’s political machinations and the speculation of her credibility of her political machination. The condition clause â€Å"we have to see whether Julia Caesar is a reforming republican or imperial stooge† historically alludes to Caesar’s assassination, raising questions of ethics in the conspiracy. Buttrose mirrors Shakespeare’s criticism of the conspiracy, evident in the hyperbole â€Å"the political murder of Kevin Rudd† coupled with the violent imagery, â€Å"the coup came, the plotters bludgeoned†. Essentially, the Labour party is represented as despotic and immoral, leading to the audience’s questioning of Rudd’s dismissal and Gillard’s instatement, thus generating a greater degree of empathy for the fallen PM. Moreover, his support for Rudd is further accentuated through the use of idiosyncratic Australian colloquialism â€Å"[Rudd] wanted to buy back the farms from mining interests†, elevating his political stature through emphasising his altruistic imperatives for public good. Mirroring Antony’s assertions of Caesar’s benevolence, Buttrose similarly presents an anecdote of Rudd’s claims to â€Å"improve health services, education and housing†. Comparably, Buttrose represents a polarised perspective of Gillard’s legitimacy for her acts of political machination for the welfare of the Labour party. This is evident in denigrating Rudd’s credibility as PM through the slogan â€Å"Rudd the Dud†¦ not to be trusted† coupled with the polling statistics â€Å"losing electoral appeal† and â€Å"Liberal party lead of 9%†. Essentially reinforcing Gillard’s credibility as leader, the political jargon appeals to the audie nce’s logos, positioning them to accept the act of Rudd’s dismissal as a necessity for the Labour party. In essence, Buttrose represents the subjectivity of conflicting perspectives conditioned in the dynamics of politics. Shakespeare challenges the audience to postulate on the existence of truth through illuminating the power of rhetoric to influence meaning within different representations of perspectives. Political machinations are explored in Brutus and Antony’s orations, epitomising conflicting perspectives to the climax of Caesar’s assassination in Act 3. Brutus’ antithesis â€Å"not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more† appeals to the Plebians’ patriotism, and the disjunction â€Å"but† enables the  audience to recognise Brutus’ moral sacrifice for the betterment of Rome. This is further accentuated through the anacoenosis â€Å"have Caesar live and die all slaves, than Caesar die to live all free men?† coupled with the strong affirmation â€Å"Caesar was ambition, so I slew him†, appealing to the audience’s logos, thus positioning to accept the necessity of Caesar’s assassination. Brutus instils fear of Caesar’s inherent tyranny in the Plebians through the diction of â€Å"slave†. Comparably, Shakespeare presents an alternative perspective of Caesar’s personality through Antony’s oration. Antony exploits the power of rhetoric through the condition clauses, â€Å"if Caesar was ambitious† to question the validity of Brutus’ claims. This is further negated through the recollection of memories â€Å"he thrice refused [the crown]†, leading the audience to question their personal truths in determining the credibility of Brutus’ justification of his political imperatives. Fundamentally, Shakespeare exploits the power of representations through the power of rhetoric to manipulate â€Å"truths†, thus leading to conflicting ideologies.

Free Essays on Levi Strauss

Levi Strauss When the name Levi Strauss comes to mind, most people would probably think of denim jeans or his company, Levi Strauss & Co. That’s because he invented the first riveted pair of jeans and he started the first and largest manufacturer of denim jeans. Levi Strauss was born on February 26, 1829 in Buttenheim, Bavaria what is now known as Germany. In 1843, Strauss sailed from Bremerhaven to New York City to join his two brothers, Jonas and Louis, who already had a successful wholesale textile and tailoring business. After staying only a few days in New York, he decided to go to his uncle’s ranch in Louisville, Kentucky. Strauss spent the next five years of his life there learning English and the ways of the Americans, so he could take over his uncle’s ranch. In 1853 he returned to New York and he also became an American citizen. After word spread about the gold rush in California, Levi decided to travel west to San Francisco to get rich. He did not have intentions of looking for gold, but instead he wanted to sell supplies. When Strauss arrived in San Francisco during March of 1853, he established a wholesale dry-goods store that was located on 90 Sacramento Street. He began by selling tents and wagon covers to the Forty-Niners, but he found no market in the products. So he used the stout canvas that he brought with him to make very durable pants. The miners found the pants very useful since they were always on the ground. Strauss named these â€Å"durable pants† waist overalls. He soon began selling them as fast as he could make them. In 1872, a Nevada tailor named Jacob Davis wrote a letter suggesting they put rivets in the jeans to reinforce the seams. In 1872, Strauss hired Jacob Davis and they began producing riveted blue denim jeans and jackets. Soon Strauss and Davis applied for a United States Patent on July 5,1... Free Essays on Levi Strauss Free Essays on Levi Strauss Levi Strauss When the name Levi Strauss comes to mind, most people would probably think of denim jeans or his company, Levi Strauss & Co. That’s because he invented the first riveted pair of jeans and he started the first and largest manufacturer of denim jeans. Levi Strauss was born on February 26, 1829 in Buttenheim, Bavaria what is now known as Germany. In 1843, Strauss sailed from Bremerhaven to New York City to join his two brothers, Jonas and Louis, who already had a successful wholesale textile and tailoring business. After staying only a few days in New York, he decided to go to his uncle’s ranch in Louisville, Kentucky. Strauss spent the next five years of his life there learning English and the ways of the Americans, so he could take over his uncle’s ranch. In 1853 he returned to New York and he also became an American citizen. After word spread about the gold rush in California, Levi decided to travel west to San Francisco to get rich. He did not have intentions of looking for gold, but instead he wanted to sell supplies. When Strauss arrived in San Francisco during March of 1853, he established a wholesale dry-goods store that was located on 90 Sacramento Street. He began by selling tents and wagon covers to the Forty-Niners, but he found no market in the products. So he used the stout canvas that he brought with him to make very durable pants. The miners found the pants very useful since they were always on the ground. Strauss named these â€Å"durable pants† waist overalls. He soon began selling them as fast as he could make them. In 1872, a Nevada tailor named Jacob Davis wrote a letter suggesting they put rivets in the jeans to reinforce the seams. In 1872, Strauss hired Jacob Davis and they began producing riveted blue denim jeans and jackets. Soon Strauss and Davis applied for a United States Patent on July 5,1...

cooperation vs. competition essays

cooperation vs. competition essays Which process is stronger and more important? Which process we shall encourage and which discourage? A competition which makes sure that humans are still going forward or cooperation which assures that we are still human beings and can solve common problems together. A dilemma that has always existed, a natural choice that human beings has been confronted. Fortunately it was the greatest skill of humans to combine these two paradoxically contradictory processes to produce th world we are living now and to keep improving it. Competition can be defined as a process where one being rivals the other in reaching certain objective faster and smarter. It is a force that has been given by nature and has assured that only those who deserve to survive will be able to do it. Long before the human beings have appeared on earth other creatures were competing with each other for a single aim of survival. Advent of humans didnt change the basic import of competition. They started to compete not only with other animals environing them but also with animals of the same kind, namely, humans. Competing with environment allowed humans to take control of it and produced improvements, innovations and modernizations that humans have enjoyed throughout their evolution. However, competition and cooperation are merely one side of the same coin. When competition is a rival between two or more to reach an aim, cooperation is an agreement to reach that aim together. Competition makes sure that only strongest survive regardless of the purpose, cooperation insures that that the survival is adhered to the purpose. An organization of people to reach a common aim can be narrowly called as a society, and society was enabled only by cooperation. Cooperation is a force that assured a leading role of humans on this planet, a continuation of a progress of human beings. For instances, in our everyday life we compete ever ...